Abstract: A device may include a processor configured to receive a report from a fixed wireless access device indicating that no anchoring relationship exists between a Fourth Generation (4G) base station and a Fifth Generation (5G) base station to which the fixed wireless access device is attempting to connect. The device may be further configured to instruct a network management system to create the anchoring relationship between the 4G base station and the 5G base station; and update an anchoring relationships database with information relating to the created anchoring relationship, wherein the anchoring relationships database stores information relating to anchoring relationships between base stations in a radio access network.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying features of a subsurface region, including: obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; and executing one or more iterations of: generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing a search direction of the objective function; searching for a possible improved model along the search direction; and updating the

Abstract: A method, including: obtaining initial estimates of a plurality of subsurface parameters; obtaining a recorded wavefield decomposed into a plurality of discrete components; performing, with a computer, a cascaded inversion where the initial estimates of the subsurface parameters are individually updated, wherein each of the subsurface parameters are updated using a different discrete component of the recorded wavefield of the plurality of discrete components; and generating, with the computer, updated subsurface models from the cascaded inversion for each of the subsurface parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying features of a subsurface region, including: obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; and executing one or more iterations of: generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing a search direction of the objective function; searching for a possible improved model along the search direction; and updating the

Abstract: A method for designing 4-D seismic acquisition source and receiver repeatability specifications, the method including: locating, with a computer subsurface anomalies above a target reservoir zone from analysis of high-resolution reflectivity images for the target reservoir zone; determining, with a computer, how the anomalies above the target reservoir zone modify target illumination for variations in the 4-D seismic acquisition source and receiver positions; and determining, with a computer, repeatability specifications for a monitor seismic survey, wherein tolerances for the source or receiver positions varies across an acquisition area based on how the anomalies modify the target illumination.

Abstract: A method for exploring for hydrocarbons, including: simulating a seismic waveform, using a computer, wherein computations are performed on a computational grid representing a subsurface region, said computational grid using perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions that use an energy dissipation operator to minimize non-physical wave reflections at grid boundaries; wherein, in the simulation, the PML boundary conditions are defined to reduce computational instabilities at a boundary by steps including, representing direction of energy propagation by a Poynting vector, and dissipating energy, with the dissipation operator, in a direction of energy propagation instead of in a phase velocity direction; and using the simulated waveform in performing full waveform inversion or reverse time migration of seismic data, and using a physical property model from the inversion or a subsurface image from the migration to explore for hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An example method includes performing amplitude-based detection to determine location of R-peaks for a plurality of electrograms. The method also includes performing wavelet-based detection to determine location of R-peaks for the plurality of electrograms. The method also includes adjusting the location of the R-peaks determined by the wavelet-based detection of R-peaks based on the location of R-peaks determined by the amplitude-based detection of R-peaks. The method also includes storing, in memory, R-peak location data to specify R-peak locations for the plurality of electrograms based on the adjusting.

Abstract: Method for generating an effective, efficient, and stable absorbing boundary condition in finite-difference calculations, such as model-simulation of predicted seismic data. The top surface and optionally the bottom surface of the computational domain or grid are treated with one or more layers of PML (51), preferably 1D PML, assuming an orthorhombic medium in the PML implementation (52). The side surfaces are handled with one or more ABC layers (53). Further advantages may be realized by tapering earth model symmetry axis on the top and bottom of the model toward the vertical (54). The invention provides a beneficial compromise between reducing artifacts in the image or physical property model and computational efficiency and stability.

Abstract: A method for generating seismic attribute gathers, the method including: computing, with a computer, seismic images with a field dataset; generating, with a computer, synthetic data corresponding to the seismic images; computing, with a computer, an attribute volume by applying an expectation method to the synthetic data; mapping, with a computer, the attribute volume to the seismic images; and generating, with a computer, seismic attribute gathers by stacking the seismic images mapped to the attribute volume.

Abstract: A method, including: obtaining, with a processor, a seismic image of a subsurface region from a computer memory; predicting, with a processor, a dip of the seismic image of the subsurface region; and removing, with a processor, noise or artifacts from the seismic image of the subsurface region by applying a dip guided Laplacian filter, wherein the removing generates another seismic image of the subsurface region that has noise or artifacts removed relative to the seismic image of the subsurface region.

Abstract: Method for correcting seismic simulations, RTM, and FWI for temporal dispersion due to temporal finite difference methods in which time derivatives are approximated to a specified order of approximation. Computer-simulated seismic data (51) are transformed from time domain to frequency domain (52), and then resampled using a mapping relationship that maps, in the frequency domain, to a frequency at which the time derivative exhibits no temporal dispersion (53), or to a frequency at which the time derivative exhibits a specified different order of temporal dispersion. Alternatively, measured seismic data from a field survey (61) may have temporal dispersion of a given order introduced, by a similar technique, to match the order of approximation used to generate simulated data which are to be compared to the measured data.

Abstract: A method for obtaining zero-offset and near zero offset seismic data from a marine survey, with separation of direct arrival information and reflectivity information, the method including: modeling a direct arrival estimate at a passive near-field hydrophone array by using a notional source separation on active near-field hydrophone data; generating reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array by subtraction of the modeled direct wave from data recorded by the passive near-field hydrophone array; generating near zero-offset reflectivity traces by stacking the reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array on a string-by-string basis or on a combination of strings basis.

Abstract: A method for designing 4-D seismic acquisition source and receiver repeatability specifications, the method including: locating, with a computer subsurface anomalies above a target reservoir zone from analysis of high-resolution reflectivity images for the target reservoir zone; determining, with a computer, how the anomalies above the target reservoir zone modify target illumination for variations in the 4-D seismic acquisition source and receiver positions; and determining, with a computer, repeatability specifications for a monitor seismic survey, wherein tolerances for the source or receiver positions varies across an acquisition area based on how the anomalies modify the target illumination.

Abstract: An example method includes performing amplitude-based detection to determine location of R-peaks for a plurality of electrograms. The method also includes performing wavelet-based detection to determine location of R-peaks for the plurality of electrograms. The method also includes adjusting the location of the R-peaks determined by the wavelet-based detection of R-peaks based on the location of R-peaks determined by the amplitude-based detection of R-peaks. The method also includes storing, in memory, R-peak location data to specify R-peak locations for the plurality of electrograms based on the adjusting.

Abstract: A method for obtaining zero-offset and near zero offset seismic data from a marine survey, with separation of direct arrival information and reflectivity information, the method including: modeling a direct arrival estimate at a passive near-field hydrophone array by using a notional source separation on active near-field hydrophone data; generating reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array by subtraction of the modeled direct wave from data recorded by the passive near-field hydrophone array; generating near zero-offset reflectivity traces by stacking the reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array on a string-by-string basis or on a combination of strings basis; generating reflectivity information at the active near-field hydrophone array by subtracting the direct arrival estimate modeled using the notional source separation from the active near-field hydrophone data; and generating an estimate of zero-offset reflectivity traces by calculating a cross-correlation between th

Abstract: A method for generating seismic attribute gathers, the method including: computing, with a computer, seismic images with a field dataset; generating, with a computer, synthetic data corresponding to the seismic images; computing, with a computer, an attribute volume by applying an expectation method to the synthetic data; mapping, with a computer, the attribute volume to the seismic images; and generating, with a computer, seismic attribute gathers by stacking the seismic images mapped to the attribute volume.

Abstract: A method, including: obtaining initial estimates of a plurality of subsurface parameters; obtaining a recorded wavefield decomposed into a plurality of discrete components; performing, with a computer, a cascaded inversion where the initial estimates of the subsurface parameters are individually updated, wherein each of the subsurface parameters are updated using a different discrete component of the recorded wavefield of the plurality of discrete components; and generating, with the computer, updated subsurface models from the cascaded inversion for each of the subsurface parameters.

Abstract: A method, including: obtaining, with a processor, a seismic image of a subsurface region from a computer memory; predicting, with a processor, a dip of the seismic image of the subsurface region; and removing, with a processor, noise or artifacts from the seismic image of the subsurface region by applying a dip guided Laplacian filter, wherein the removing generates another seismic image of the subsurface region that has noise or artifacts removed relative to the seismic image of the subsurface region.

Abstract: Method for reducing the time needed to perform geophysical inversion by using simultaneous encoded sources in the simulation steps of the inversion process. The geophysical survey data are prepared by encoding (3) a group of source gathers (1), using for each gather a different encoding signature selected from a set (2) of non-equivalent encoding signatures. Then, the encoded gathers are summed (4) by summing all traces corresponding to the same receiver from each gather, resulting in a simultaneous encoded gather. (Alternatively, the geophysical data are acquired from simultaneously encoded sources.) The simulation steps needed for inversion are then calculated using a particular assumed velocity (or other physical property) model (5) and simultaneously activated encoded sources using the same encoding scheme used on the measured data. The result is an updated physical properties model (6) that may be further updated (7) by additional iterations.