Abstract: This invention describes a novel and efficient processing scheme that can be used to transform a vacuum residue feedstock into 0.5 wt % sulfur bunker fuel that fulfills the specifications required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

Abstract: This invention describes a novel and efficient processing scheme that can be used to transform a vacuum residue feedstock into 0.5 wt % sulfur bunker fuel that fulfills the specifications required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

Abstract: The integration of hydrogen and methanol production within a coal liquefaction, petroleum refinery or biomass conversion facility resulting in the unanticipated benefits of lower carbon dioxide (CO2) production, net emissions, and higher carbon and thermal efficiencies is the subject of this invention.

Abstract: The integration of hydrogen and methanol production within a coal liquefaction, petroleum refinery or biomass conversion facility resulting in the unanticipated benefits of lower carbon dioxide (CO2) production, net emissions, and higher carbon and thermal efficiencies is the subject of this invention.

Abstract: This invention utilizes a novel method and set of operating conditions to efficiently and economically process a potentially very fouling hydrocarbon feedstock. A multi-stage catalytic process for the upgrading of coal pyrolysis oils is developed. Coal Pyrolysis Oils are highly aromatic, olefinic, unstable, contain objectionable sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen contaminants, and may contain coal solids which will plug fixed-bed reactors. The pyrolysis oil is fed with hydrogen to a multi-stage ebullated-bed hydrotreater and hydrocracker containing a hydrogenation or hydrocracking catalyst to first stabilize the feed at low temperature and is then fed to downstream reactor(s) at higher temperatures to further treat and hydrocrack the pyrolysis oils to a more valuable syncrude or to finished distillate products. The relatively high heat of reaction is used to provide the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the subsequent stage thus eliminating the need for additional external heat input.

Abstract: A multi-stage catalytic process for the direct liquefaction of coal is utilized with a hydrotreater to first liquefy and subsequently treat the product in one integrated process. A fresh hydrogenation catalyst is used to reduce heteroatoms (S, N) from coal liquids in the downstream hydrotreater. This catalyst is then cascaded and re-used in the direct coal liquefaction process, first in the low temperature Stage 1, and then re-used in the high temperature Stage 2. Coal liquid products have very low contaminants and can be readily used to produce gasoline and diesel fuel. Catalyst requirements are substantially lowered utilizing this novel process.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an installation for treatment of a heavy petroleum feedstock, of which at least 80% by weight has a boiling point of greater than 340° C., wherein the process includes (a) hydroconversion in a boiling-bed reactor operating with a rising flow of liquid producing a hydroconversion effluent; (b) separation of hydroconversion effluent into a gas containing hydrogen and H2S, a fraction comprising gas oil, and a naphtha fraction; c) hydrotreatment, by contact with at least one catalyst, of at least said fraction comprising gas oil, producing a hydrotreatment effluent; and d) separation of hydrotreatment effluent into a gas containing hydrogen and at least one gas oil fraction having a sulfur content of less than 50 ppm, wherein the hydrogen supply for the hydroconversion and hydrotreatment is delivered by a single compression system.

Abstract: A multi-stage catalytic process for the direct liquefaction of coal is utilized with a hydrotreater to first liquefy and subsequently treat the product in one integrated process. A fresh hydrogenation catalyst is used to reduce heteroatoms (S, N) from coal liquids in the downstream hydrotreater. This catalyst is then cascaded and re-used in the direct coal liquefaction process, first in the low temperature Stage 1, and then re-used in the high temperature Stage 2. Coal liquid products have very low contaminants and can be readily used to produce gasoline and diesel fuel. Catalyst requirements are substantially lowered utilizing this novel process.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an installation for treatment of a heavy petroleum feedstock, of which at least 80% by weight has a boiling point of greater than 340° C., wherein the process includes (a) hydroconversion in a boiling-bed reactor operating with a rising flow of liquid producing a hydroconversion effluent; (b) separation of hydroconversion effluent into a gas containing hydrogen and H2S, a fraction comprising gas oil, and a naphtha fraction; c) hydrotreatment, by contact with at least one catalyst, of at least said fraction comprising gas oil, producing a hydrotreatment effluent; and d) separation of hydrotreatment effluent into a gas containing hydrogen and at least one gas oil fraction having a sulfur content of less than 50 ppm, wherein the hydrogen supply for the hydroconversion and hydrotreatment is delivered by a single compression system.

Abstract: This invention utilizes a novel method and set of operating conditions to efficiently and economically process a potentially very fouling hydrocarbon feedstock. A multi-stage catalytic process for the upgrading of coal pyrolysis oils is developed. Coal Pyrolysis Oils are highly aromatic, olefinic, unstable, contain objectionable sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen contaminants, and,may contain coal solids which will plug fixed-bed reactors. The pyrolysis oil is fed with hydrogen to a multi-stage ebullated-bed hydrotreater and hydrocracker containing a hydrogenation or hydrocracking catalyst to first stabilize the feed at low temperature and is then fed to downstream reactor(s) at higher temperatures to further treat and hydrocrack the pyrolysis oils to a more valuable syncrude or to finished distillate products. The relatively high heat of reaction is used to provide the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the subsequent stage thus eliminating the need for additional external heat input.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an installation for treatment of a heavy petroleum feedstock, of which at least 80% by weight has a boiling point of greater than 340° C., wherein the process includes (a) hydroconversion in a boiling-bed reactor operating with a rising flow of liquid producing a hydroconversion effluent; (b) separation of hydroconversion effluent into a gas containing hydrogen and H2S, a fraction comprising gas oil, and a naphtha fraction; c) hydrotreatment, by contact with at least one catalyst, of at least said fraction comprising gas oil, producing a hydrotreatment effluent; and d) separation of hydrotreatment effluent into a gas containing hydrogen and at least one gas oil fraction having a sulfur content of less than 50 ppm, wherein the hydrogen supply for the hydroconversion and hydrotreatment is delivered by a single compression system.

Abstract: A process for catalytic two-stage hydrodesulfurization of metal-containing petroleum residua feedstocks to achieve at least about 75% desulfurization of the liquid product while also providing at least about 40% reduction in catalyst consumption. In the process, used catalyst having a catalyst equilibrium age of 0.3-5.0 bbl oil feed/lb catalyst is withdrawn from the second stage reactor, rejuvenated so as to remove 10-50 wt. % of the contaminant metals and at least 80 wt. % of carbon deposited on the catalyst, and then cascaded forward and added to the first stage reactor. Sufficient fresh make-up catalyst is added to the second stage reactor to replace the used catalyst withdrawn there, and only sufficient fresh catalyst is added to the first stage reactor to replace any catalyst transfer losses. Used catalyst having a catalyst equilibrium age of 0.6 to 10.0 bbl. oil per lb. catalyst is withdrawn from the first stage reactor for discard.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for rejuvenating particulate used catalysts in a single rejuvenation vessel and providing a rejuvenated catalyst material having properties that result in activity substantially equal to new catalyst. The pressurizable vertically-oriented vessel has inlet and outlet openings for the catalyst and washing liquids, and is arranged to facilitate successive solvent liquid washing, water washings, and acid treatment steps for the used particulate catalyst provided in a bed in the vessel conical-shaped lower portion which contains catalyst rotary stirring means. After rejuvenation of the used catalyst, it is withdrawn from the vessel conical-shaped lower portion downwardly through a central withdrawal conduit and control valve for further processing. The water-soluble solvent and acid treatment liquids can be usually recovered by distillation for reuse in the catalyst rejuvenation process.