Abstract: A bird deterrent device is configured for use in common garden bird-feeders. A flexible vibrating tip is electrically connected to a power supply and a wireless receiver via electrical wiring. A remote transmitter is operable to send a signal to the wireless receiver. When the wireless receiver receives the signal, the vibrating tip produces a vibration to generate visual, auditory and structural vibrations in the associated feeder, thereby scaring away targeted undesirable birds.

Abstract: A bird deterrent is provided. The bird deterrent includes a case, such as a water-resistant case. The case includes an outer wall forming an internal housing to contain internal components of the bird deterrent. The present invention further includes a power supply to supply power. A vibrating tip is electrically connected to the power supply and the wireless receiver via electrical wiring. A remote transmitter is operable to send a signal to the wireless receiver. When the wireless receiver receives the signal, the vibrating tip produces a vibration.

Abstract: A communications system comprising a base station, and a plurality of terminals served by that base station which may include an ad-hoc network of terminals. Information from the base station or transmitting terminal is transported to the receiving terminals in the form of symbols in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed format. Each terminal has means for measuring a channel dispersion and rate of phase variation corresponding to multipath signal reception for that terminal and for reporting that dispersion and variation measure to the transmitting station. In response to the channel dispersion and phase change measurements, the base station or transmitting terminal is arranged to provide, for groups of terminals having a similar channel dispersion, respective symbol and prefix lengths on the basis of the dispersion measurement of that group of terminals.

Abstract: Capacity of radio links in an in-building cellular communication system is currently limited by bandwidth available for a communications link between a terminal and a single base station. The present invention mitigates this limitation by permitting the terminal to establish a number of communications links with a number of base stations. Content data is distributed in parallel over the number of communications links.

Abstract: Equalisation of a communication channel is achieved through use of a Wiener filter frequency response mechanism that operates to transform at least a portion of a data stream generated from a plurality of space time coded (STC) symbol streams received from a plurality of transmit antenna elements into a packet spectrum. A training sequence for a channel through which the symbol streams have been sent is also transformed to a channel impulse response spectrum in order to assess the channel impulse response for the channel. The packet spectrum is equalised with the channel impulse response spectrum to produce an equalised packet spectrum in the transform domain. This is then converted into a time domain equalised data stream for recovery of originally transmitted information.

Abstract: It is becoming increasingly important to improve data throughput in wireless networks. By transmitting data simultaneously at different modulation amplitudes and/or using different code strengths, terminals having different carrier to noise ratios are able to decode the different amplitude levels with varying degrees of success. This allows distant terminals to receive low data rate transmissions at high modulation levels or code rates while nearer terminals can use additional capacity in the transmission by receiving lower level modulation signals or code rates. In this way, distant terminals do not degrade overall network performance. By arranging for terminals to acknowledge receipt of data, retransmission at different modulation levels or code rates may be carried out by the base station in order to improve performance in the presence of noise without a priori knowledge of the carrier to noise ratio for a particular terminal.

Abstract: Multiple Steiner codes are transmitted as bursts from multiple base stations (182, 184, 186) having one or more transmit elements (174, 176, 178, 180), with successive bursts providing an extended training sequence for use in channel estimation at an addressed unit (172), such as a mobile handset. Accurate channel estimation is possible through the use of Wiener frequency domain MMSE deconvolution (518) combined with frequency domain spatial decoupling matrices, with quasi-orthogonal pseudo-noise sequences (502, 504, 520, 522) allocated to base stations and their antenna elements. The use of Steiner codes to supplement Wiener frequency domain MMSE deconvolution and frequency domain spatial decoupling results in the possibility of allocating only a single training sequence to each base station provided that the training sequence is of sufficient length to encompass all multiple time-translated channel impulse responses (H).

Abstract: The use of cyclic prefixes with OFDM transmissions is known. Typically the prefix length is chosen to be at least as long as the duration of significant multipath in the transmission channel. However, OFDM has disadvantages in terms of DSP load and transmitter power amplifier specifications. The use of a cyclic prefix with periodic CDMA codes has been found to yield equivalent performance in terms of orthogonality in a dispersive channel and yet overcomes the disadvantages of cyclicly prefixed OFDM transmissions. Examples are given of Walsh Hadamard binary periodic codes.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to wireless communications such as cdma systems where variable orthogonal spreading factors are employed. Code words are selected from a representation known as the orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) tree, which allows code words of different length to be mixed yet remain orthogonal. The present invention provides a system whereby a subset of codes are employed whereby the bit rate can be reduced. This is of particular advantage under poor propagation conditions. Mutual interference between users is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method whereby an adaptive equaliser is applied to the terminal (mobile) receivers in a cellular radio CDMA system whose purpose is to minimise the mutual interference between users sharing the same radio channel. The application relevant to third generation cellular systems which consist of UTRA (or WBCDMA) in Europe and CDMA2000 in the USA (or future merged standards variants of these systems), and has a special application to the time domain duplex (TDD) mode of these systems. An algorithm is provided whereby the equaliser is adapted to conform to some recognised optimality criterion which is known to lead to a minimum mutual interference situation. One method is the constrained minimum output finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter power condition, but the technique is not limited to this criterion. The method reduces the computation load of a digital filter by selecting a sparse subset of delay line taps which are actively weighted and used as a filter.

Abstract: The use of cyclic prefixes with OFDM transmissions is known. Typically the prefix length is chosen to be at least as long as the duration of significant multipath in the transmission channel. However, OFDM has disadvantages in terms of OSP load and transmitter power amplifier specifications. The use of a cyclic prefix with periodic ODMA codes has been found to yield equivalent performance in terms of orthogonality in a dispersive channel and yet overcomes the disadvantages of cyclicly prefixed OFDM transmissions. Examples are given of Walsh Hadamard binary periodic codes.

Abstract: It is becoming increasingly important to improve data throughput in wireless networks. By transmitting data simultaneously at different modulation amplitudes and/or using different code strengths, terminals having different carrier to noise ratios are able to decode the different amplitude levels with varying degrees of success. This allows distant terminals to receive low data rate transmissions at high modulation levels or code rates while nearer terminals can use additional capacity in the transmission by receiving lower level modulation signals or code rates. In this way, distant terminals do not degrade overall network performance. By arranging for terminals to acknowledge receipt of data, re-transmission at different modulation levels or code rates may be carried out by the base station in order to improve performance in the presence of noise without a priori knowledge of the carrier to noise ratio for a particular terminal.

Abstract: Wireless communications systems exist, such as 3G systems, in which voice services as well as internet access is provided to mobile terminals. In such systems the number of terminals that can be supported per basestation is limited and it is not possible to provide fast or substantially “instant” uplink access to all those supported terminals. It is desired to increase the number of terminals that can be supported by a single basestation whilst allowing each of these terminals to have fast substantially “instant” uplink access, for example, for internet access. To address this, substantially continuous pilot signals are provided from all user terminals supported by a basestation, to that basestation. The continuous signals comprise repeated spreading code words with a high spreading factor such that the background noise level is not increased to unworkable levels.

Abstract: Multiple Steiner codes are transmitted as bursts (s11, s12, . . . s33, 560, 524) from multiple base stations (182, 184, 186) having one or more transmit elements (174, 176, 178, 180), with successive bursts providing an extended training sequence for use in channel estimation at an addressed unit (172), such as a mobile handset. Accurate channel estimation is possible through the use of Wiener frequency domain MMSE deconvolution (518) combined with frequency domain spatial decoupling matrices, with quasi-orthogonal pseudo-noise sequences (502, 504, 520, 522) allocated to base stations and their antenna elements. The use of Steiner codes to supplement Wiener frequency domain MMSE deconvolution and frequency domain spatial decoupling results in the possibility of allocating only a single training sequence to each base station provided that the training sequence is of sufficient length to encompass all multiple time-translated channel impulse responses (H).

Abstract: The invention relates to sub macro cellular layers of a wireless communications system. An object of wireless communications system design is to reduce the number of base station sites required by increasing their range and or capacity. The term, “capacity” is used herein to refer to any suitable measure which provides an indication of how many conventional mobile terminals or other terminals are able to communicate effectively with a given antenna arrangement. Macro base station sites for cellular systems are particularly expensive, both in terms of the equipment required and the need for a geographical site for each cell site where, inter alia, large structures are frequently employed where planning permission is required. The present invention seeks to provide a system and method for reducing the effects of adjacent channel interference, especially in 3G CDMA base stations.

Abstract: Multiple Steiner codes are transmitted as bursts (s11, S12, . . . S33, 560, 524) from multiple base stations (182, 184, 186) having one or more transmit elements (174, 176, 178, 180), with successive bursts providing an extended training sequence for use in channel estimation at an addressed unit (172), such as a mobile handset. Accurate channel estimation is possible through the use of Wiener frequency domain MMSE deconvolution (518) combined with frequency domain spatial decoupling matrices, with quasi-orthogonal pseudo-noise sequences (502, 504, 520, 522) allocated to base stations and their antenna elements. The use of Steiner codes to supplement Wiener frequency domain MMSE deconvolution and frequency domain spatial decoupling results in the possibility of allocating only a single training sequence to each base station provided that the training sequence is of sufficient length to encompass all multiple time-translated channel impulse responses (H).

Abstract: Equalization of a communication channel is achieved through use of a Wiener filter frequency response mechanism that operates to transform both the received data and the channel impulse response into frequency domain representations using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Subsequently, spectral equalization of data spectra and a channel spectrum in the frequency domain yields an equalized packet spectrum that can be converted back into the time domain by an inverse FFT function. Ratio comparison of the data spectra with the channel spectrum and conversion back into the time domain equalizes the channel to appear as white by resolving-induced inter-symbol interference. Matrix manipulation, i.e. transformation, of STTD samples (in the form of real and imaginary vectors) incident to a receive antenna allows FFT processing of encoded data, initially presented on either a chip-wise or symbol-wise basis in an information slot or packet.

Abstract: In a CDM (code division multiplex) communications system a base station transmits a plurality of data signals on a common channel. Each data signal is provided with a spreading sequence, e.g. a Gold code, each sequence being allocated to a user of that channel. Each receiver incorporates a channel estimator for determining the channel impulse response (CIR) and means for convolving the CIR estimate with the corresponding user code. This is then correlated with the received signal to recover the received data. The arrangement allows an increased number of users to share a common channel.

Abstract: A method of acquiring frequency bursts in a PCN broadcast control channel, including the steps of:i) sampling PCN r.f. signals for successive blocks of time of duration of half the duration of a frequency burst;ii) determining the first block to have a spectrum level to exceed a threshold value,iii) comparing the spectrum levels of said first block and an adjacent block during successive occurrences of the frequency burst; andiv) adjusting the timing of the two blocks until the spectrum levels of the two blocks are substantially equal.

Abstract: This bowling ball carrying container resembles a large can of a sportsman's favorite brand of beverage, such as soda or beer. Primarily, it consists of a main body imprinted with a brand name of soda or beverage, and the bottom wall includes a curved recess for fitting the contour of a bowling ball received in the container. The main body further includes a lid, having a pair of locking mechanisms for retaining it in place, so as to enable the user to carry the container, and room is provided in the container for the bowler's shoes and other equipment.