Abstract: An aqueous oral spray designed to treat mouth guards against bacterial infection comprising: 1. A naturally derived di-basic amino acid derivative, 2. A natural sweetener which inhibits the adhesion of bacteria to the oral cavity and, 3. Optionally a natural flavor and/or natural dye 4. Optionally a mouth guard surface modified to absorb specific components of above oral aqueous solution so as to render mouth guard more effective overtime in inhibiting microorganism growth on surface and in contact with mouth surfaces compared with unmodified mouth guard surface.

Abstract: A high current density electrogalvanizing process and composition are disclosed for reducing high current density dendrite formation and controlling high current density roughness, grain size and orientation of a zinc coating obtained from an acidic aqueous zinc salt. The process comprises adding a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde to the acidic aqueous zinc salt in an electrolytic cell and applying an electromotive force to the anode and cathode in the cell sufficient to produce a high current density on the cathode. The composition consists essentially of an acidic aqueous zinc salt aqueous in combination with a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde which is used as an antidendritic agent.

Abstract: A high current density electrogalvanizing process and composition are disclosed for reducing high current density dendrite formation and controlling high current density roughness, grain size and orientation of a zinc coating obtained from an acidic aqueous zinc salt. The process comprises adding a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde to the acidic aqueous zinc salt in an electrolytic cell and applying an electromotive force to the anode and cathode in the cell sufficient to produce a high current density on the cathode. The composition consists essentially of an acidic aqueous zinc salt aqueous in combination with a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde which is used as an antidendritic agent.

Abstract: A high current density electrogalvanizing process and composition are disclosed for reducing high current density dendrite formation and controlling high current density roughness, grain size and orientation of a zinc coating obtained from an acidic aqueous zinc salt. The process comprises adding a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde to the acidic aqueous zinc salt in an electrolytic cell and applying an electromotive force to the anode and cathode in the cell sufficient to produce a high current density on the cathode. The composition consists essentially of an acidic aqueous zinc salt aqueous in combination with a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde which is used as an antidendritic agent.

Abstract: Orthophosphite ions produced by oxidation of hypophosphite in an electroless nickel plating bath can be removed by precipitation with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation such as calcium. In order to avoid the precipitation of calcium sulfate and the generation of large amounts of particulates in the bath, nickel sulfate can be replaced by a nickel salt of an alkylsulfonic acid or hypophosphorous acid, whose anion forms a soluble salt with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to treating a self accelerating and replenishing immersion composition on a substrate with a neutralizing and reducing composition comprising an acid and a salt of an inorganic or organic amine, and then electrolytically coating the treated surface with a metal. The salts in one embodiment comprise salts of hydroxylamine or hydrazine and the acid comprises a mineral acid.

Abstract: A high current density electrogalvanizing process and composition are disclosed for reducing high current density dendrite formation and edge burn and controlling high current density roughness, grain size and orientation of a zinc coating obtained from a zinc sulfate aqueous acidic electrogalvanic coating bath. The composition comprises a high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol grain refining agent in combination with a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde which is used as an antidendritic agent.

Abstract: An electrogalvanizing process and composition are disclosed for reducing high current density dendrite (HCD) formation and edge burn and controlling high current density roughness, grain size and orientation of a zinc coating obtained from a zinc halide aqueous acidic electrogalvanic coating bath. A low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol homopolymer or copolymer based on 3 to about 4 carbon atom alkylene oxides as a grain refining agent in combination with a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde which is used as an antidendritic agent.

Abstract: A process for applying a metal coating to a non-conductive substrate without an electroless coating is disclosed. The process includes the step of: a. contacting said substrate with an activator comprising a noble metal/Group IVA metal sol to obtain a treated substrate; b. contacting said treated substrate with a self accelerating and replenishing immersion metal composition comprising a solution of (i) a soluble metal salt whose metal is more noble than said Group IVA metal, (ii) a Group IA metal hydroxide, (iii) a complexing agent comprising an organic material having a cumulative formation constant log K of from about 0.73 to about 21.95 for an ion of the metal of said metal salt. The Group IVA metal is employed in a stoichiometric excess compared to the noble metal, the excess Group IVA metal being in its lowest oxidation state. Self accelerating and replenishing non-formaldehyde immersion metal compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Corrosion resistant electrodeposited chromium layers, processes for their electrodepositions and plating baths suitable for use therein are disclosed. The corrosion resistant chromium layers also are bright, adherent, smooth, hard, wear resistant, and exhibit a low coefficient of friction. Electrodeposition is carried out at both high and low currrent densities. The baths used comprise 450-650 g/l of chromic acid, 40-100 g/l of sulfoacetic acid and 0-4.5 g/l of sulfate ion and are substantially free of other carboxylic acids, fluoride ions, iodide ions, bromide ions and selenium ions. The baths used comprise 400-650 g/l of chromic acid, 40-100 g/l of sulfoacetic acid and 0-4.5 g/l of sulfate ion and are substantially free of other carboxylic acids, flouride ions, iodide ions, bromide ions and selenium ions.

Abstract: An electroplating bath composition is disclosed which permits high speed palladium deposition. The bath comprises carbonate or phosphate anion in a critical amount and is otherwise additive free. A pH of 7-9 is used.

Abstract: A process for metal plating plastic or elastomeric materials which produces a coating of high conductivity which does not reduce over time is disclosed in this application to provide electro-magnetic interference shielding for said materials. This process uses either a particular special plating bath containing stabilizer additions with any surface preparation technique, or a certain specific surface preparation technique along with the use of a standard plating bath or the special stabilized plating bath to obtain metal coatings with the desired properties.

Abstract: A process for metal plating plastic or elastomeric materials which produces a coating of high conductivity which does not reduce over time is disclosed in this application to provide electro-magnetic interference shielding for said materials. This process uses either a particular special plating bath containing stabilizer additions with any surface preparation technique, or a certain specific surface preparation technique along with the use of a standard plating bath or the special stabilized plating bath to obtain metal coatings with the desired properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for high speed palladium electroplating by immersing the object to be plated in an ammoniacal solution of a palladium tetra-amino complex ion, palladium metal in a concentration of at least 10 g/l, and at least one carbonate or phosphate anion in a concentration of more than about 7.5 g/l and less than about 150 g/l. The solution has a pH of between about 7 and 9 and is free of quaternized pyridinium brightening agents. Palladium is plated into a substrate with high speed plating equipment which provides sufficient agitation, and current densities of 100 ASF and above to produce lustrous crack free deposits.

Abstract: A simple and highly effective process for preparing the surface and plating a plastic or elastomer material is disclosed by the present invention.A uniform, highly adherent metal layer is deposited by the claimed process. The surface of the materials to be plated is prepared by exposure to a gas etch atmosphere and activation of the etched surface by providing a metal colloid thereon. Another aspect relates to the use of a one-step or two-step conditioner treatment in the process for improved results.After the surface preparation and activation, a desired metal coating can be electroless metal plated in a conventional manner.