Abstract: A technique for controlling node equipment in a SONET ring transmission system. Control signals from a control center are transmitted in a selected byte of the SONET frame to each node coupled to the SONET ring. Each SONET node includes a decoder for decoding the control signals as to a destination address, and if a match is found, the node decodes a command field to carry out the representative functions. The command may be to activate or deactivate node circuits, or to receive or transmit video signals in specified VT channels of the SONET frame. In this manner, equipment can be switched on or off at the respective node to thereby optimize the bandwidth efficiency of the SONET network.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical data bus employing a passive optical coupler. The optical coupler includes a scrambler rod which is rectangular in cross section and employs solid substantially inflexible side arms which are also rectangular in cross section. The side arms include a mirrored prism to bend the light path and permit separation of the ends of the distribution side arms so that flexible fiber bundles may be attached to the ends of the distribution side arms.

Abstract: The torque imposed on premium thread connections between tubular goods is monitored and plotted as a function of time rather than the number of turns. In this manner, the torque at which "shoulder", either by metal-to-metal sealing contact or otherwise, is achieved during make-up of the premium connection can be detected. Further, torque response of the connection after shoulder may be monitored. In addition, torque conditions during back out or disconnection may be monitored. Data obtained indicate if connections and seals are acceptable or not and often furnish evidence of the reason for certain types of unsatisfactory connections.