Abstract: A novel economical method for determining the residual stress levels in machined, mechanically or thermally processed components and for determining whether the stress is tensile or compressive. Also provided is a system including components for accomplishing the method of the present invention. Also provided is a method of modeling of a component residual stress from production of raw billet through to a finished component.

Abstract: A novel economical method for determining the residual stress levels in machined, mechanically or thermally processed components and for determining whether the stress is tensile or compressive. Also provided is a system including components for accomplishing the method of the present invention. Also provided is a method of modeling of a component residual stress from production of raw billet through to a finished component.

Abstract: Grain to be conveyed is supplied to an elongated chamber having a ram movable longitudinally through the chamber. A discharge opening at the end of the chamber communicates with a grain delivery tube which extends into a grain storage bin. As the ram is moved through the chamber, grain is forced outwardly through the discharge opening, through the grain delivery tube and into the bin. A discharge end portion of the tube within the bin is provided with vertically spaced openings for discharging grain at a vertical position close to the level of grain within the bin. Radially and downwardly directed spouts over the vertically spaced openings prevent the backflow of grain through the delivery tube.