Abstract: An indexing system and method for a filesystem, such as a database using the POSIX application programming interface, uses two fractal tree indices, a metadata index mapping the full pathname of files to file metadata, preferably data such as returned with a struct stat call, and a data index mapping pathname and block number to a datablock of a predetermined size, optionally a fixed size. The data index has keys ordered lexicographically, and the system and method allows for modifying existing keys, and creating new keys if there is no existing key, for writes smaller than the predetermined block size and for unaligned writes. The invention provides at least about an order of magnitude improvement in microdata operations (such as creating and scanning files smaller than a predetermined size, such as 512-byte files), and has write times comparable with existing file systems.

Abstract: A method and system for replication in a noSQL database using a global transaction identifier (GTID) unique to each transaction and stored with an associated operations log. The GTID specifies the applicable primary, the sequence of the transaction, and, optionally, also includes information on whether the transaction was applied to a given primary, and for secondaries whether the transaction was applied to the collections. This method and system provides recovery for a crashed primary, re-integrating the crashed primary as a secondary, and point-in-time recovery, optionally having user-specified parameters from which recovery commences.