Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. A difference in time exists between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of operating a machine comprising an implement and a machine for performing such a method. The implement is configured for motion in at least three degrees of freedom. In response to an input, movement of the implement from first to second positions is constrained to a first motion in a first plane or a second motion in a second plane. Sensor data received from an IMU attached to the implement is indicative of the movement of the implement. A first or second estimation mode is selected based upon a determination that the movement is the first or second motion. The first or second estimation mode is implemented to estimate the trajectory of the implement and the second position based upon the sensor data.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of operating a machine comprising an implement and a machine for performing such a method. The implement is configured for motion in at least three degrees of freedom. In response to an input, movement of the implement from first to second positions is constrained to a first motion in a first plane or a second motion in a second plane. Sensor data received from an IMU attached to the implement is indicative of the movement of the implement. A first or second estimation mode is selected based upon a determination that the movement is the first or second motion. The first or second estimation mode is implemented to estimate the trajectory of the implement and the second position based upon the sensor data.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure is provided and a method for manufacturing said structure. The semiconductor structure includes a thin film semiconductor having an active region and placed on a diamond substrate. The thin film semiconductor is preferably directly bonded to the diamond layer, or may be adhered thereto by a dielectric adhesion.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the gains of a pair of gain-matched amplifiers includes means for applying to each amplifier a pilot tone in the form of an exponentially-decaying periodic signal. The apparatus also includes three control loops, one for comparing the output of one amplifier with a reference signal to derive an error signal used to control the amplifier gains when the pilot tone is absent, and a second for controlling the gains when the pilot tone is present. The third loop subtracts the outputs of the two amplifiers and uses the resulting error signal in conjunction with one or other of the signals from the other two loops to control the gain of one of the two amplifiers.