Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, C.sub.3-6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by halogeno, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy and/or trifluoromethyl, or C.sub.7-10 -phenylalkyl optionally substituted in the phenyl moiety by halogeno, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy and/or trifluormethyl, and the other two are hydrogen, or salts thereof.These compounds have valuable pharmaceutical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclopropanecarbaldehydes of formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or benzyl, which comprises a) reacting a tetrahydrofuran of formula ##STR2## with a halogenating agent to form a 1,2,4-trihalobutyl ether of formula ##STR3## in which X is halogen and R.sub.2 is unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or phenyl or benzyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro or cyano, andb) then reacting the compound of formula III with an aqueous bisulfite solution to form a bisulfite adduct of formula ##STR4## in which X is halogen and Y is a cation equivalent of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion, andc) then cyclising the adduct, in the presence of a base, with a thiolate of formula ##STR5## in which R.sub.1 is C.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Trihalobutyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## in which X is halogen and R.sub.2 is unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or phenyl or benzyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro or cyano, which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of cyclopropanecarbaldehydes.

Abstract: The invention relates to unsaturated amino acids of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydroxy or etherified hydroxy, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy or etherified hydroxy, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, lower alkenyl, halogen or aryl, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R.sup.5 represents hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.6 represents carboxy or esterified or amidated carboxy, R.sup.7 represents amino or amino substituted by alkyl or acyl, A represents unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted .alpha.,.omega.-alkylene having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms or represents a bond, and B represents methylene or a bond, with the proviso that A is other than a bond when B represents a bond, and salts thereof. They can be manufactured, for example, in accordance with the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction and can be used as pharmacologically active substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to unsaturated amino acids of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydroxy or etherified hydroxy, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy or etherified hydroxy, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, lower alkenyl, halogen or aryl, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R.sup.5 represents hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.6 represents carboxy or esterified or amidated carboxy, R.sup.7 represents amino or amino substituted by alkyl or acyl, A represents unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted .alpha.,.omega.-alkylene having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms or represents a bond, and B represents methylene or a bond, with the proviso that A is other than a bond when B represents a bond, and salts thereof. They can be manufactured, for example, in accordance with the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction and can be used as pharmacologically active substances.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, C.sub.3-6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by halogeno, C.sub. 1-4 -alkyl, C.sub. -4 -alkoxy and/or trifluoromethyl, or C.sub.7-10 -phenylalkyl optionally substituted in the phenyl moiety by halogeno, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy and/or trifluormethyl, and the other two are hydrogen, or salts thereof.These compounds have valuable pharmaceutical properties.

Abstract: An alpha amino acid amide of the formula ##STR1## Wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are defined in the specification. The said compounds are intermediates in the preparation of herbicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclopropanecarbaldehydes of formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or benzyl, which comprises (a) reacting a tetrahydrofuran of formula ##STR2## in which X is halogen and R.sub.2 is unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or phenyl or benzyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro or cyano, with a halogenating agent to form a 1,2,4-trihalobutyl ether of formula ##STR3## in which X is halogen and R.sub.2 is unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or phenyl or benzyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by halogeno, C.sub.1 -.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -.sub.4 -alkoxy and/or trifluoromethyl, or C.sub.7 -.sub.10 -phenylalkyl optionally substituted in the phenyl moiety by halogeno, C.sub.1 -.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -.sub.4 -alkoxy and/or trifluoromethyl, and the other two are hydrogen, or salts thereof.These compounds have valuable pharmaceutical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel herbicidally active compounds of formula I ##STR1## in which B represents an imidazolone of formula ##STR2## or A and B together represent a fused imidazolone of formula ##STR3## and the radicals X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and A in addition have the meanings given in the text and R.sup.3 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and R.sup.4 represents a methyl or ethyl group subtituted by from 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, processes for the preparation thereof, compositions containing compounds of formula I, methods of controlling weeds, and novel intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, C.sub.3-6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by halogeno, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy and/or trifluoromethyl, or C.sub.7-10 -phenylalkyl optionally substituted in the phenyl moiety by halogeno, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy and/or trifluormethyl, and the other two are hydrogen, or salts thereof.These compounds have valuable pharmaceutical properties.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, C.sub.3-6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by halogeno, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy and/or trifluoromethyl, or C.sub.7-10 -phenylalkyl optionally substituted in the phenyl moiety by halogeno, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy and/or trifluormethyl, and the other two are hydrogen, or salts thereof.These compounds have valuable pharmaceutical properties.

Abstract: The new compound 4-chloro-4-chloromethyloxetan-2-one can be prepared by reacting diketene with sulphuryl chloride under conditions in which free radicals are formed.The 4-chloro-4-chloromethyloxetan-2-one exhibits antimicrobial activity. It is also useful as an intermediate, for example for the production of pigments and dyestuffs.

Abstract: The new compound 4-chloro-4-chloromethyloxetan-2-one can be prepared by reacting diketene with sulphuryl chloride under conditions in which free radicals are formed.The 4-chloro-4-chloromethyloxetan-2-one exhibits antimicrobial activity. It is also useful as an intermediate, for example for the production of pigments and dyestuffs.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## are described, wherein X is oxygen or sulphur or the moiety X is absent and A and D are as defined in claim 1. Compounds I may be prepared by reacting a compound ##STR2## with diketene in the presence of an agent capable of forming free radicals. They are useful as friction modifiers and/or antiwear additives in lubricating oils or for imparting flame-retardancy to natural or synthetic polymers.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the formula I ##STR1## are described wherein X is a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom and Y is a residue having the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 C- wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, a group -CR.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6, a cyano group, a group-COR.sup.7 or -PO(R.sup.8).sub.2 wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, independently, are F, Cl or Br, R.sup.7 nd R.sup.8 are the same or different and each is a chlorine atom or a group -OR.sup.9 wherein R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight chain or branched alkyl group with the proviso that when X is a chlorine atom, none of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, can be a bromine atom.They can be obtained by reacting diketene with a compound XY in the presence of an agent capable of forming free radicals. Compounds (I) have biocidal activity against various organisms, e.g. bacteria, fungi and algae.

Abstract: There is described a new process for the preparation of optically active 2-(2',2'-dihalogenovinyl)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids substituted in the 3 position, and derivatives thereof. A racemate of certain cyclobutanones is reacted with a sulfurous acid salt of an optically active base to obtain a mixture of diastereomeric 4-(2',2',2'-trihalogenoethyl)-cyclobutane-2-sulfonic acid salts; this mixture is then separated into the pure diastereomeric sulfonic acid salts. Either the pure diastereomeric sulfonic acid salts are converted directly to the desired optically active products, or the optically active cyclobutanones obtained from the pure diastereomeric sulfonic acids salts by decomposition are converted, in the presence of a base, to the desired product. Optionally, the product, optically active 2-(2',2'-dihalogenovinyl)-cyclopropane-2-carboxylic acids can be converted to their 1',2'-dibromo derivatives.

Abstract: There is described a new process for the preparation of optically active 2-(2',2'-dihalogenovinyl)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids substituted in the 3 position, and derivatives thereof. A racemate of certain cyclobutanones is reacted with a sulfurous acid salt of an optically active base to obtain a mixture of diastereomeric 4-2-(2',2',2'-trihalogenoethyl)-cyclobutane-1-sulfonic acid salts; this mixture is then separated into the pure diastereomeric sulfonic acid salts. Either the pure diastereomeric sulfonic acid salts are converted directly to the desired optically active products, or the optically active cyclobutanones obtained from the pure diastereomeric sulfonic acids salts by decomposition is converted, in the presence of a base to the desired product. Optionally, the product, optically active 2-(2',2'-dihalogenovinyl)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids can be converted to their 1',2'-dibromo derivatives.

Abstract: A compound or mixture of compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## in which m and n may be 0 or 1 but both cannot be 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently H or CH.sub.3, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and the water-soluble inorganic or organic salts thereof, with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 must be CH.sub.3, and when m and n are both 0, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each methyl and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have their previous significance, when added to an aqueous system imparts one or more of the following beneficial effects to be treated system:(a) the corrosion of ferrous metals in contact with the system is inhibited;(b) the precipitation of scale-forming salts of calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium from the treated aqueous system is inhibited; and,(c) inorganic materials present in the treated aqueous system are dispersed.

Abstract: A compound or mixture of compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## in which m and n may be 0 or 1 but both cannot be 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently H or CH.sub.3, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and the water-soluble inorganic or organic salts thereof, with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 must be CH.sub.3, and when m and n are both 0, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each methyl and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have their previous significance, when added to an aqueous system imparts one or more of the following beneficial effects to be treated system: (a) the corrosion of ferrous metals in contact with the system is inhibited; (b) the precipitation of scale-forming salts of calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium from the treated aqueous system is inhibited; and (c) inorganic materials present in the treated aqueous system are dispersed.