Abstract: A method for producing an amine. The first step is contacting a cyanide, an acid, water and a substrate compound capable of generating a carbonium ion by reaction with the acid to generate a first reaction intermediate. The second step is contacting the first reaction intermediate with water to form a second reaction intermediate. The third step is removing cyanide present in the second reaction intermediate to a concentration less than 10 ppm.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for concentrating an organic acid by using a nitroalkane as an entrainer for the azeotropic removal of water from an aqueous organic acid solution. The nitroalkane may be the same as a nitroalkane that is the product of a high pressure nitration process that produces nitroalkanes and aqueous organic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes and apparatuses for concentrating at least one organic acid using an alkyl acetate as an entrainer. The processes and apparatuses may use the same alkyl acetate as an entrainer to concentrate a mixture of organic acids.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously manufacturing organometallic compounds is provided where the apparatus has a source of a first reactant stream wherein the first reactant comprises a metal; a source of a second reactant stream; a laminar flow contacting zone for cocurrently contacting the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream; a mixing zone comprising a turbulence-promoting device; and a heat transfer zone.

Abstract: A method of continuously manufacturing organometallic compounds is provided where two or more reactants are conveyed to a reactor having a laminar flow contacting zone, a heat transfer zone, and a mixing zone having a turbulence-promoting device; and causing the reactants to form the organometallic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating chlorinated methanes utilizing a dividing wall column. Processes and manufacturing assemblies for generating chlorinated methanes are also provided, as are processes for producing products utilizing the chlorinated methanes produced and/or separated utilizing the present process(es) and/or assemblies.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes and apparatuses for concentrating at least one organic acid using an alkyl acetate as an entrainer. The processes and apparatuses may use the same alkyl acetate as an entrainer to concentrate a mixture of organic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. The apparatus may be designed such that it can synthesize more than one nitroalkane using the same equipment.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. The apparatus may be designed such that it can synthesize more than one nitroalkane using the same equipment.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for concentrating an organic acid by using a nitroalkane as an entrainer for the azeotropic removal of water from an aqueous organic acid solution. The nitroalkane may be the same as a nitroalkane that is the product of a high pressure nitration process that produces nitroalkanes and aqueous organic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.

Abstract: A method of continuously manufacturing organometallic compounds is provided where two or more reactants are conveyed to a reactor having a laminar flow contacting zone, a heat transfer zone, and a mixing zone having a turbulence-promoting device; and causing the reactants to form the organometallic compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by using a dividing wall column.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by using a dividing wall column.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for simplifying manufacture of a mixed alcohol or mixed oxygenate product from synthesis gas. The mixed alcohol or mixed oxygenate product contains ethanol and other oxygenates with two or more carbon atoms per molecule. The method includes stripping a portion of carbon dioxide and inert gases contained in a mixed alcohol synthesis reaction product using a methanol-containing stream, such as one produced as part of the method, as a medium to absorb said carbon dioxide and inert gases and recycling light products and heavy products to one or more of synthesis gas generation, mixed alcohol synthesis and separation of desired mixed alcohol or mixed oxygenate products from other components of a mixed alcohol synthesis stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus comprising a co-current absorbing unit, a countercurrent absorbing unit, at least one absorbing liquid reservoir, and at least one liquid transferring means. The invention also relates to a method of absorbing a reactive gas and a method of preparing a solution by contacting a reactive gas to a solvent and allowing the reactive gas to react with the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating chlorinated methanes utilizing a dividing wall column. Processes and manufacturing assemblies for generating chlorinated methanes are also provided, as are processes for producing products utilizing the chlorinated methanes produced and/or separated utilizing the present process(es) and/or assemblies.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to apparatus, systems, and/or methods for fractionating a feed mixture comprising, for example, one or more isocyanates, light components, solvents and/or heavier components. In some embodiments, fractionating an isocyanate feed mixture may comprise distilling the feed mixture in a non-adiabatic fractionating apparatus comprising a prefractionating section and/or column and a main section and/or column, which comprises a rectification section, a side section, and a stripping section. For example, isocyanates may be separated from light component(s), solvent(s) and/or heavier component(s). A fractionating apparatus may be configured and arranged, in some embodiments, as a dividing wall column. According to some embodiments of the disclosure, apparatus, systems, and/or methods may be energy efficient and/or may have a broad operating range.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to apparatus, systems, and/or methods for fractionating a feed mixture comprising, for example, one or more isocyanates, light components, solvents and/or heavier components. In some embodiments, fractionating an isocyanate feed mixture may comprise distilling the feed mixture in a non-adiabatic fractionating apparatus comprising a prefractionating section and/or column and a main section and/or column, which comprises a rectification section, a side section, and a stripping section. For example, isocyanates may be separated from light component(s), solvent(s) and/or heavier component(s). A fractionating apparatus may be configured and arranged, in some embodiments, as a dividing wall column. According to some embodiments of the disclosure, apparatus, systems, and/or methods may be energy efficient and/or may have a broad operating range.