Abstract: In simple form the stock comprises water, cellulose fiber, pigment or filler, a cationic, charge-neutralizing chemical, and an anionic nanoparticle. The process introduces stock components in proper order, while homogenizing them towards molecular dimensions with low surface tension catalyst and vigorous mixing. The amount of catalyst is optimized for stock dispersion, and formation of an azeotrope in the dryer section. A classical nanostructure is formed. Solids exiting the press increase by as much as 6-7%; water removal energy in the dryer section is reduced in a 40-60% range. Homogeneity is maximized by controlling the standard deviation of a convenient process parameter. The system is controlled at zero zeta potential, at the specific filtration resistance level required for maximum productivity. Chemical usage is reduced by at least an order of magnitude. The process is highly sustainable.

Abstract: A method for measuring a pressure dependent characteristic of a dispersion of a solid material in a fluid, comprising passing the fluid through a screen until a pad of the solid material is formed on the screen and, thereafter, measuring said characteristic, characterised in that the pressure on the screen side of the pad is maintained at a predetermined value, with respect to the pressure on the opposing side of the pad, during a measurement of the characteristic.

Abstract: A method is provided to monitor specific filtration resistance, total drainage resistance and drainage flow rate in a continuous on-line manner in the paper making process. It can be combined with the simultaneous measurement of streaming potential or zeta potential so as to enable optimization of the chemistry of the papermaking process.

Abstract: Novel pulp, paper and paperboard manufacturing methods utilizing water-insoluble organic hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons can be introduced into the pressing operation of the pulp, paper, or paperboard making machine or can be substituted for water at any point prior to the end of the press section. The result is a significant saving in dryer energy which can be translated to greater productivity in dryer-limited processes. The result is a significant saving in dryer energy which can be translated to greater productivity in dryer limited systems. Functional chemical additives may be dissolved, dispersed or emulsified in the hydrocarbon and thereby introduced into the web. Much less functional chemical additive is required than with wet end addition.

Abstract: Novel pulp, paper and paperboard manufacturing methods utilizng non polar organic solvents. These solvents can be introduced into the pressing operation of the pulp, paper, or paperboard making machine or can be substituted for water at any point after the formation stage. The result is a significant saving in dryer energy which can be translated to greater productivity in dryer-limited processes, accompanied by an improvement in tensile strength and other physical properties.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the electrophoretic mobility of migrating particles in a suspending medium under the influence of an applied electric field comprising an electrophoresis chamber, means for illuminating the electrophoresis chamber, a microscope having an objective lens system and an ocular lens system, said microscope being positioned to view the electrophoresis chamber along an optical path extending from the electrophoresis chamber through the objective lens system and toward the ocular lens system, means for generating moving bands of visible energy into the ocular lens system of the microscope, means for adjusting the speed of the moving bands of visible energy; and means for determining the speed of the moving bands.