Abstract: A sensor for fluorescence measurement comprising: a light source arranged for emitting light to a sample region, wherein the light source intensity is modulatable; an indicator system located at the sample region, said indicator system comprising: a receptor for an analyte; and a fluorophore associated with said receptor, wherein the fluorophore has a fluorescence lifetime that changes in response to the presence of analyte at the receptor; a single photon avalanche diode arranged to receive fluorescence light emitted from said sample region in response to the light incident on the sample region from the light source, and to generate an output signal; a driver arranged to modulate the light source intensity at a first frequency; a bias voltage source arranged to apply a bias voltage to the single photon avalanche diode, wherein the bias voltage is modulated at a second frequency, different from the first frequency, and wherein the bias voltage is above the breakdown voltage of the single photon avalanche diod

Abstract: A glucose sensor for intravascular measurement of glucose concentration wherein the sensor is arranged to measure glucose concentration by monitoring the lifetime of the fluorophore, the sensor comprising:—an indicator system comprising a receptor for selectively binding to glucose and a fluorophore associated with said receptor, wherein the fluorophore has a life-time of less than 100 ns;—a light source;—an optical fibre arranged to direct light from the light source onto the indicator system; —a detector arranged to receive fluorescent light emitted from the indicator system; and—a signal processor arranged to determine information related to a fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore based on at least the output signal of the detector.

Abstract: A glucose sensor for measurement of glucose in subcutaneous tissue, the sensor comprising: a probe for subcutaneous insertion, the probe containing an indicator system comprising a receptor for selectively binding to glucose and a fluorophore associated with said receptor, wherein the fluorophore has a fluorescence lifetime of less than 100 ns; a detector head which is optically connected to the probe and which is for location outside the body; a light source; and a detector arranged to receive fluorescent light emitted from the indicator system, wherein the light source and detector are optionally located within the detector head; wherein the sensor is arranged to measure glucose concentration in subcutaneous tissue by monitoring the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore.

Abstract: A roller sub system for reducing friction between a tool string and a wall in a well bore for use in the oil and gas industry. The apparatus has a roller body and wheel sub system, which is configured to have removably mounted wheels of variable diameters. A plurality of different diameter wheel sets are described for mounting on the roller sub axles and orientating the system in the well bore. The wheels are fixed to the roller sub axles through a quick-release mechanism. A single apparatus can thus be employed with different diameter wheels to operate in well bores of variable diameters.

Abstract: A Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Assessment Tool utilizes an Analytical Engine to produce predictions of pressure values and other production data at any point in space and at any point in time in a reservoir. A computer system, such as a workstation, stores a Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Assessment software which includes the Analytical Engine and responds to input data (which includes a reservoir description and fluid properties) by generating an output record which represents a prediction of the pressure values and other data at ‘any point in space’ and at ‘any point in time’ in a reservoir.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers.

Abstract: A Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Assessment Tool utilizes an Analytical Engine to produce predictions of pressure values and other production data at any point in space and at any point in time in a reservoir. A computer system, such as a workstation, stores a Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Assessment software which includes the Analytical Engine and responds to input data (which includes a reservoir description and fluid properties) by generating an output record which represents a prediction of the pressure values and other data at ‘any point in space’ and at ‘any point in time’ in a reservoir.

Abstract: A Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Assessment Tool utilizes an Analytical Engine to produce predictions of pressure values and other production data at any point in space and at any point in time in a reservoir. A computer system, such as a workstation, stores a Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Assessment software which includes the Analytical Engine and responds to input data (which includes a reservoir description and fluid properties) by generating an output record which represents a prediction of the pressure values and other data at ‘any point in space’ and at ‘any point in time’ in a reservoir.

Abstract: A facilitation system to facilitate communication amongst a number of persons having access to data input devices. The system has a host computer, a control program stored in the computer and operable to permit data entered on any of the input devices to be transferred to the computer, and at least one display. Each display means is configured to display a common single image generated by the computer for simultaneous viewing by each of the persons. The single image includes a plurality of display areas, with each input device having a corresponding display area wherein data simultaneously and separately input via each input device is simultaneously displayed in the corresponding display area. At least one control device is connected to the computer and operable to select specific data displayed in any of the display areas and to both transfer and display the specific data in any of the display areas.

Abstract: A multipurpose hand-held tool having a handle and a head wherein the head has a plurality of implements. The head has a middle portion, which is connected the handle, a first head end and a second head end. The first head end has three cutters such that there is a cutting edge on the top side, the end, and the bottom side of the first head. The first head end also includes a plurality of gauge holes in the top side, and a nail slot on the bottom side. The second head end includes both a hammer head connected to the end and a hammer claw connected to the top side of the second head end. The multipurpose hand-held tool meets a need for roofers to have a multipurpose tool which helps to quickly, efficiently and accurately remove and replace roofing materials.