Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor is provided. The magnetoresistive sensor comprises a substrate having a layer structure thereon. The layer structure comprises a lower layer, and an upper layer. The lower layer is provided on the substrate, wherein the lower layer comprises one or more graphene layers which extend across the lower layer. The upper layer is provided on the lower layer and formed of a dielectric material. The lower and upper layers of the layer structure share one or more continuous edge surfaces.

Abstract: Improved methods for the production of reassortant influenza viruses are provided.

Abstract: Improved methods for the production of reassortant influenza viruses are provided.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations, transplantation of nucleic acids into cells occurs in microfluidic chambers. The nucleic acids may be large nucleic acid molecules with more than 100 kbp. In some cases, the microfluidic chambers have only one orifice that opens to a flow channel. In some cases, flow through a microfluidic chamber temporarily ceases due to closing one or more valves. Transplantation occurs during a period in which the contents of the chambers are shielded from shear forces. Diffusion, centrifugation, suction from a vacuum channel, or dead-end loading may be used to move cells or buffers into the chambers.

Abstract: Improved methods for the production of reassortant influenza viruses are provided.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations, transplantation of nucleic acids into cells occurs in microfluidic chambers. The nucleic acids may be large nucleic acid molecules with more than 100 kbp. In some cases, the microfluidic chambers have only one orifice that opens to a flow channel. In some cases, flow through a microfluidic chamber temporarily ceases due to closing one or more valves. Transplantation occurs during a period in which the contents of the chambers are shielded from shear forces. Diffusion, centrifugation, suction from a vacuum channel, or dead-end loading may be used to move cells or buffers into the chambers.

Abstract: An analysis tool analyzes a model to determine the digital effect of the model in a modeling or programming environment. With the analysis tool, a user can determine minimum hardware functionality needed to execute the software generated from the model. The hardware functionality may include the word size of the microprocessor that executes the software appropriately. The hardware functionality may also include the execution speed of the microprocessor executing the software. The hardware functionality may further include the functionality of other hardware elements, such as the word length of an Analog to Digital converter. The analysis tool enables a user to produce a system at a low cost while achieving necessary performance criteria.

Abstract: An analysis tool analyzes a model to determine the digital effect of the model in a modeling or programming environment. With the analysis tool, a user can determine minimum hardware functionality needed to execute the software generated from the model. The hardware functionality may include the word size of the microprocessor that executes the software appropriately. The hardware functionality may also include the execution speed of the microprocessor executing the software. The hardware functionality may further include the functionality of other hardware elements, such as the word length of an Analog to Digital converter. The analysis tool enables a user to produce a system at a low cost while achieving necessary performance criteria.

Abstract: An analysis tool analyzes a model to determine the digital effect of the model in a modeling or programming environment. With the analysis tool, a user can determine minimum hardware functionality needed to execute the software generated from the model. The hardware functionality may include the word size of the microprocessor that executes the software appropriately. The hardware functionality may also include the execution speed of the microprocessor executing the software. The hardware functionality may further include the functionality of other hardware elements, such as the word length of an Analog to Digital converter. The analysis tool enables a user to produce a system at a low cost while achieving necessary performance criteria.

Abstract: The present invention provides a framework to let users systematically analyze, and design controllers for, complex non-linear dynamic systems modeled in a block diagram environment. By extracting linearized models from non-linear plant models (block diagrams), users can use one or more control design and tuning methodologies available for linear systems. Complex side effects, such as cross-coupling and exogenous disturbances, are viewable and can be dealt with in real-time during a design. The results of a design are automatically implemented in a block diagram.

Abstract: A method of manipulating a block diagram model with a plurality of graphical modeling components by defining an open loop anywhere on the block diagram model is provided. Graphical modeling components in series with the open loop may be automatically recognized and a plurality of parameters of the graphical modeling components in series with the open loop may be displayed on a display device. A user may simultaneously tune the parameters of the graphical modeling components in series with the open loop. Factorization points breaking the block diagram model in two disconnected parts may be identified in the block diagram model. A virtual graphical model may be generated by replacing a pattern of the graphical modeling components between two factorization points with a single graphical modeling component representing the pattern.

Abstract: A device provides an interface for permitting a user to define a block diagram model that represents a system, linearizing at least a portion of the block diagram model, analyzing a linearization result of at least one block of the block diagram model to determine contribution information of the at least one block toward a linearization result of the block diagram model, and outputting information concerning a result of analyzing the linearization result.

Abstract: Method and systems for analyzing the linearization of a model in a modeling environment are disclosed. The modeling environment may provide tools for linearizing the model to generate a linear model. The modeling environment may also provide tools for analyzing the linearization of the model. The tools for analyzing the linearization of the model may inspect the linear model to determine whether the model is properly linearized. The results of the linearization may be provided to users so that the users are able modify the linearization result and have the model linearized again using the modified information.

Abstract: A device provides an interface for permitting a user to define a block diagram model that represents a system, linearizing at least a portion of the block diagram model, analyzing a linearization result of at least one block of the block diagram model to determine contribution information of the at least one block toward a linearization result of the block diagram model, and outputting information concerning a result of analyzing the linearization result.

Abstract: A control system representing a non-linear system may be modeled in block diagram form in a graphical environment. A linear model based on the block diagram may be generated. The linear model may then be used to design and tune the control system.

Abstract: A method of manipulating a block diagram model with a plurality of graphical modeling components by defining an open loop anywhere on the block diagram model is provided. Graphical modeling components in series with the open loop may be automatically recognized and a plurality of parameters of the graphical modeling components in series with the open loop may be displayed on a display device. A user may simultaneously tune the parameters of the graphical modeling components in series with the open loop. Factorization points breaking the block diagram model in two disconnected parts may be identified in the block diagram model. A virtual graphical model may be generated by replacing a pattern of the graphical modeling components between two factorization points with a single graphical modeling component representing the pattern.

Abstract: An amphipathic helix at the approximate N-terminus of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural proteins mediates the association of these proteins with cytoplasmic membranes in infected cells. This association is essential for replication. Thus, assessing the ability of compounds or protocols to disrupt the association of such helices with cytoplasmic membranes permits identification of compounds and protocols which are useful in the treatment of HCV infection. Also useful in the invention are mimics, or function-disrupting ligands, of an amphipathic helix of the nonstructural proteins described herein and antibodies and fragments thereof immunoreactive with said helix.

Abstract: A method is provided for introducing a genome into a cell or cell-like system. The introduced genome may occur in nature, be manmade with or without automation, or may be a hybrid of naturally occurring and manmade materials. The genome is obtained outside of a cell with minimal damage. Materials such as a proteins, RNAs, polycations, nucleoid condensation proteins, or gene translation systems may accompany the genome. The genome is installed into a naturally occurring cell or into a manmade cell-like system. A cell-like system or synthetic cell resulting from the practice of the provided method may be designed and used to yield gene-expression products, such as desired proteins. By enabling the synthesis of cells or cell-like systems comprising a wide variety of genomes, accompanying materials and membrane types, the provided method makes possible a broader field of experimentation and bioengineering than has been available using prior art methods.

Abstract: An analysis tool analyzes a model to determine the digital effect of the model in a modeling or programming environment. With the analysis tool, a user can determine minimum hardware functionality needed to execute the software generated from the model. The hardware functionality may include the word size of the microprocessor that executes the software appropriately. The hardware functionality may also include the execution speed of the microprocessor executing the software. The hardware functionality may further include the functionality of other hardware elements, such as the word length of an Analog to Digital converter. The analysis tool enables a user to produce a system at a low cost while achieving necessary performance criteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates, e.g., to a minimal set of protein-coding genes which provides the information required for replication of a free-living organism in a rich bacterial culture medium, wherein (1) the gene set does not comprise the 101 genes listed in Table 2; and/or wherein (2) the gene set comprises the 381 protein-coding genes listed in Table 3 and, optionally, one of more of: a set of three genes encoding ABC transporters for phosphate import (genes MG410, MG411 and MG412; or genes MG289, MG290 and MG291); the lipoprotein-encoding gene MG185 or MG260; and/or the glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase gene MG293 or MG385.