Abstract: A sequential monitoring system is for an interlocking logic system and a track circuit system including a plurality of track circuits. The sequential monitoring system includes an interface between the interlocking logic system and the track circuit system; and a processor structured to monitor a state of each of the track circuits, validate a sequence of state changes of the track circuits, and interrupt and correct invalid track circuit state indications between the track circuit system and the interlocking logic system. The interface normally passes inputs from the track circuit system to outputs to the interlocking logic system. When an out of sequence event occurs, the processor applies a quarantine to a minimum of three of the track circuits in a quarantined area, thereby inhibiting use of an unoccupied track circuit in the quarantined area.

Abstract: A sequential monitoring system is for an interlocking logic system and a track circuit system including a plurality of track circuits. The sequential monitoring system includes an interface between the interlocking logic system and the track circuit system; and a processor structured to monitor a state of each of the track circuits, validate a sequence of state changes of the track circuits, and interrupt and correct invalid track circuit state indications between the track circuit system and the interlocking logic system. The interface normally passes inputs from the track circuit system to outputs to the interlocking logic system. When an out of sequence event occurs, the processor applies a quarantine to a minimum of three of the track circuits in a quarantined area, thereby inhibiting use of an unoccupied track circuit in the quarantined area.

Abstract: A method is provided for seamless migration from a scaleable optical add/drop multiplexer to a network switching node in an optical transport network. The method includes: providing a pre-deployed optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) at a network node in the optical transport network; introducing an additional optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) at the network node; and interconnecting the pre-deployed OADM to the additional OADM using a photonic cross-connect switch, where the photonic cross-connect switch is operable to route optical signals amongst the optical transport lines connected to the pre-deployed OADM and the upgraded OADM.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for preparing 4-substituted 3-hydroxybutyric acid derivatives by halohydrin dehalogenase-catalyzed conversion of 4-halo-3-hydroxybutyric acid derivatives. The present invention further provides methods and compositions for preparing 4-halo-3-hydroxybutyric acid derivatives by ketoreductase-catalyzed conversion of 4-halo-3-ketobutyric acid derivatives The present invention also provides methods and compositions for preparing vicinal cyano, hydroxyl substituted carboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: A method is provided for seamless migration from static to agile optical networking at a network switching node in an optical transport network. The seamless method includes: providing an optical signal splitter at the input of thenetwork switching node, the signal splitter being adapted to receive an optical multiplexed signal having a plurality of data signals and at least one data signal being agile; providing an optical signal combiner at the output of the network switching node; and introducing a photonic cross-connect switch between the signal splitter and the signal combiner, where the photonic switch is operable to switch the agile data signals.

Abstract: In a WDM optical transport network, numerous optical data signals are multiplexed together to form a single optical system signal. The optical system signal may be constituted in an optical line hierarchy that defines a plurality of optical layers within the optical transport space. In accordance with the present invention, an architectural arrangement is provided for a network switching node within a WDM optical transport network. The architectural arrangement for the network switching node employs at least one switching device at each optical layer. The improved inter-workings amongst the optical layers of the network switching node leads to improved scalability, manageability, operational simplicity and affordability of optical transport networks.

Abstract: A method is provided for seamless migration from static to agile optical networking at a network switching node in an optical transport network. The seamless method includes: providing an optical signal splitter at the input of the network switching node, the signal splitter being adapted to receive an optical multiplexed signal having a plurality of data signals and at least one data signal being agile; providing an optical signal combiner at the output of the network switching node; and introducing a photonic cross-connect switch between the signal splitter and the signal combiner, where the photonic switch is operable to switch the agile data signals.

Abstract: A dispersion compensation architecture for a switch-ready optical network includes an identified, switch-ready optical network region having a maximum propagation length, a dispersion section of the region having a section length, and dispersion compensation measures operably applied to said dispersion section, wherein the dispersion compensation measures are selected based on at least one determined regional target value of regional aggregated dispersion, the section length, and the maximum propagation length.

Abstract: A method is provided for seamless migration from a scaleable optical add/drop multiplexer to a network switching node in an optical transport network. The method includes: providing a pre-deployed optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) at a network node in the optical transport network; introducing an additional optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) at the network node; and interconnecting the pre-deployed OADM to the additional OADM using a photonic cross-connect switch, where the photonic cross-connect switch is operable to route optical signals amongst the optical transport lines connected to the pre-deployed OADM and the upgraded OADM.

Abstract: An architectural arrangement is provided for launching an optical system signal into an optical transport network, where the optical system signal is constituted in a layered membership relationship that defines at least two optical layers. The architectural arrangement includes a multiplexing component connected to an optical transport line residing in the optical transport network and a plurality of signal impairment compensation mechanisms associated with the multiplexing component. The multiplexing component is operable to receive a plurality of optical data signals therein, combine the plurality of optical data signals to form the optical system signal and launch the optical system signal into the optical transport line. The signal impairment compensation mechanisms are operable across each of the optical layers of the optical system signal to perform a signal impairment compensation operation on optical signal therein.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a packaging system 100 for a product 58 having an envelope 50 with a pouch 52 adapted to securely retain the product 58, the envelope 50 having a tail portion 54 extending away from the pouch 52, and a blank 10 having a leading 16 and a trailing portion 20, the blank 10 may be folded about the envelope 50 such that the tail portion 54 is trapped between the leading portion 16 and the trailing portion 20 of the blank 10.