Abstract: A liquid heater such as a direct electrical resistance liquid heater having multiple flow channels is provided with a temperature-sensing element in the form of a wire extending across numerous channels, preferably all of the channels, near the downstream ends of the channels. The resistance of the wire represents the average temperature of the liquid passing through all of the channels, and hence the temperature of the mixed liquid exiting from the heater. A bubble suppressing structure is provided in the vicinity of the wire.

Abstract: A liquid heater such as a direct electrical resistance liquid heater having multiple flow channels is provided with a temperature-sensing element in the form of a wire extending across numerous channels, preferably all of the channels, near the downstream ends of the channels. The resistance of the wire represents the average temperature of the liquid passing through all of the channels, and hence the temperature of the mixed liquid exiting from the heater. A bubble suppressing structure is provided in the vicinity of the wire.

Abstract: A liquid heater such as a direct electrical resistance liquid heater having multiple flow channels is provided with a temperature-sensing element in the form of a wire extending across numerous channels, preferably all of the channels, near the downstream ends of the channels. The resistance of the wire represents the average temperature of the liquid passing through all of the channels, and hence the temperature of the mixed liquid exiting from the heater. A bubble suppressing structure is provided in the vicinity of the wire.

Abstract: A liquid heater such as a direct electrical resistance liquid heater having multiple flow channels is provided with a temperature-sensing element in the form of a wire extending across numerous channels, preferably all of the channels, near the downstream ends of the channels. The resistance of the wire represents the average temperature of the liquid passing through all of the channels, and hence the temperature of the mixed liquid exiting from the heater. A bubble suppressing structure is provided in the vicinity of the wire.

Abstract: A liquid heater such as a direct electrical resistance liquid heater having multiple flow channels is provided with a temperature-sensing element in the form of a wire extending across numerous channels, preferably all of the channels, near the downstream ends of the channels. The resistance of the wire represents the average temperature of the liquid passing through all of the channels, and hence the temperature of the mixed liquid exiting from the heater. A bubble suppressing structure is provided in the vicinity of the wire.

Abstract: A liquid heater such as a direct electrical resistance liquid heater having multiple flow channels is provided with a temperature-sensing element in the form of a wire extending across numerous channels, preferably all of the channels, near the downstream ends of the channels. The resistance of the wire represents the average temperature of the liquid passing through all of the channels, and hence the temperature of the mixed liquid exiting from the heater. A bubble suppressing structure is provided in the vicinity of the wire.

Abstract: The Direct Electric Resistance Liquid Heater comprises a liquid heating chamber containing a plurality of electrodes. The electrodes are spaced apart to create a plurality of channels through which the liquid to be heated passes. The electrodes are each connected to a power supply by one or more switches. A controller controls the switches based upon data received from a temperature sensor, sensing the temperature of the liquid, and/or an electric current sensor, sensing the current utilized by the liquid heater. Selection of the number and spacing of the electrodes, and the number of switches, provides the controller with various current levels options to apply to the liquid to be heated.

Abstract: An article inventory control system for articles, such as books, uses RFID tags attached to each article. Each tag has a unique identification or serial number for identifying the individual article. An inventory database tracks all of the tagged articles and maintains circulation status information for each article. Articles are checked out of the library using a patron self-checkout system. Checked out articles are returned to the library via patron self-check in devices. The shelves are periodically scanned with a mobile RFID scanner for updating inventory status.

Abstract: An active matrix display and method of driving the same is provided. The active matrix display comprises an array of pixels, each pixel including an organic light emitting device and at least one thin film transistor. A uniformity correction circuit that is capable of producing a selected pixel brightness is connected to the array of pixels. The uniformity correction circuit is capable of maintaining the brightness of the pixels in a range that does not vary, for example, by more than about 5-10% from their selected brightness values.

Abstract: An article inventory control system for articles, such as books, uses RFID tags attached to each article. Each tag has a unique identification or serial number for identifying the individual article. An inventory database tracks all of the tagged articles and maintains circulation status information for each article. Articles are checked out of the library using a patron self-checkout system. Checked out articles are returned to the library via patron self-check in devices. The shelves are periodically scanned with a mobile RFID scanner for updating inventory status.

Abstract: An article inventory control system for articles, such as books, uses RFID tags attached to each article. Each tag has a unique identification or serial number for identifying the individual article. An inventory database tracks all of the tagged articles and maintains circulation status information for each article. Articles are checked out of the library using a patron self-checkout system. Checked out articles are returned to the library via patron self-check in devices. The shelves are periodically scanned with a mobile RFID scanner for updating inventory status.

Abstract: An electronic security system uses a set of predefined RFID tags. Each tag is associated with, and attached to, an article or packaging for an article. Each tag includes unique tag information which is logged into a computerized database that contains a record for each of the tags in the set. A detection zone is monitored with an interrogator which detects RFID tags. When an RFID tag is detected, the database records are compared to the tag information and an appropriate database response is output. A deactivation event may be performed on the tag when legitimate access is obtained to the tagged article. The deactivation event may be electronic, physical or virtual. One type of RFID tag used in the system may physically deactivated by altering the state of a circuit element associated with the tag so that the tag cannot return a response signal. Another type of RFID tag used in the system has electronically alterable tag information.

Abstract: An article inventory control system for articles, such as books, uses RFID tags attached to each article. Each tag has a unique identification or serial number for identifying the individual article. An inventory database tracks all of the tagged articles and maintains circulation status information for each article. Articles are checked out of the library using a patron self-checkout system. Checked out articles are returned to the library by being deposited into an exterior smart book drop which reads the RFID tag and automatically checks the article back in. Article data from the exterior smart book drop are used to generate reshelving reports for efficiently reshelve the articles. Articles which are used in the library, but not checked out, are returned to interior smart book drops within the library for reshelving. The interior smart book drops capture data regarding in-house use of articles. The data are used to generate historical usage reports.

Abstract: A highly efficient resonant switching driver circuit includes a matching reactance coupled between an output resonant circuit and a driver circuit. The matching reactance performs a series to parallel impedance match from the driver circuit to the output resonant circuit.

Abstract: A multiple loop antenna is provided which may be connected to either a transmit circuit, a receive circuit, or a transmit/receive circuit. When powered by a transmit circuit, the antenna generates radio frequency magnetic fields in an area or zone proximate to the antenna, but which are substantially canceled at a distance approximately one wavelength and more from the antenna, thereby defining a surveillance zone proximate to the antenna. Radiating loop segments of the antenna are centered around a common feed point and are geometrically symmetrical, such that currents are precisely controlled in each loop segment. A crossover element electrically connects the loop segments. The crossover element includes a pair of spaced, parallel conductors.

Abstract: A method of reading multiple RFID tags located in a field of an interrogating antenna is based on periodic transmissions from the tags with large, non-transmission intervals between transmissions. The non-transmission intervals are fixed for a given tag, but are random between tags due to manufacturing tolerances in electrical components from which the tag is constructed, such that no coordination of transmissions from the interrogating antenna is required.

Abstract: A resonant tag circuit useful as an electronic security device includes a layered planar structure having a dielectric substrate, a resonant circuit carried on both sides of the dielectric substrate and a semiconductive material having an ionizable salt dissolved therein. The semiconductor material provides a sermiconductive bridge across an activation or deactivation point in the circuit and connects the conductive circuit on both sides of the activation or deactivation point. The resonant tag circuit of this invention is stabilized against premature operation of the activation or deactivation point from electrostatic discharge.

Abstract: A transmit and receive loop antenna includes a first loop element coupled to an electrical circuit element for generating near fields and far fields and a shunt loop element surrounding the first loop element such that voltages are induced in the shunt loop element by the fields generated by the first loop element. The shunt loop element is constructed from a continuous loop of conductor to maximize current from the voltages induced in the shunt loop element. The current in the shunt loop element generates fields which largely cancel the fields generated by the first loop element in the far field. Thus, the first loop element and the shunt loop element establish a surveillance zone in an area proximate the loop elements. A second loop element, such as a figure-8 loop element may be placed proximate the first loop element and the shunt loop element for receiving electromagnetic energy radiated by a tag circuit which enters the surveillance zone.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for electrographically imaging a plurality of substrates heretofore not usable in such a system. While prior art dielectric substrates could be used in the present process, the specific parameters outlined in this invention allows many more charge retentive surfaces or substrates to be used in electrostatic imaging. The process involves developing the latent electrostatic image before dissipation of the image charge which can be calculated by the inventive process for each substrate to be used.

Abstract: In a rotatable magnetron, a seal cartridge having vacuum seals integrated therein provides a seal between a seal housing of the magnetron support assembly and a spindle carried therein. The seal cartridge is axially movable with respect to the magnetron support assembly which enables its efficient removal and replacement therefrom. As such removal and replacement of the cartridge automatically accomplishes the removal and replacement of the integral vacuum seals, no handling or reassembly of the vacuum seals is required. The seal cartridge of the present invention provides a protected seal design which improves seal integrity in rotatable magnetrons.