Abstract: A reservoir analysis method can include transmitting a signal from a downhole pump in a wellbore, receiving the signal at another wellbore, and determining a reservoir characteristic from the received signal. A reservoir analysis system can include a downhole pump positioned in a wellbore and a sensor positioned at another wellbore. The downhole pump selectively transmits a signal, and the sensor receives the signal. Another reservoir analysis method can include selectively changing a reciprocating displacement of a rod string connected to a downhole pump in a wellbore, transmitting a signal from the downhole pump in response to the changed reciprocating displacement, receiving the signal at another wellbore, and determining a reservoir characteristic from the received signal.

Abstract: A reservoir analysis method can include transmitting a signal from a downhole pump in a wellbore, receiving the signal at another wellbore, and determining a reservoir characteristic from the received signal. A reservoir analysis system can include a downhole pump positioned in a wellbore and a sensor positioned at another wellbore. The downhole pump selectively transmits a signal, and the sensor receives the signal. Another reservoir analysis method can include selectively changing a reciprocating displacement of a rod string connected to a downhole pump in a wellbore, transmitting a signal from the downhole pump in response to the changed reciprocating displacement, receiving the signal at another wellbore, and determining a reservoir characteristic from the received signal.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: Low concentrations, 1–10% of potassium salt, especially potassium formate, are used in a drilling fluid in oil production. Preferably they are used with guar derivatives, most preferably carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar. The concentration of potassium formate is maintained at the desired level by adjusting the potassium formate to maintain a desired Zeta potential in the circulating drilling fluid. The potassium formate/guar derivative composition may be used in the substantial absence of hydrophilic clay additive.

Abstract: Moisture is removed from gas by contacting the gas with a solution of potassium formate to remove moisture from the gas, regenerating the potassium formate solution by removing water from it, and returning the potassium formate solution to contact gas to dehydrate it. Regeneration of the potassium formate solution is most preferably accomplished in a cavitation regenerator. The gas is most preferably natural gas.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid comprising potassium formate is used to good effect in line heaters for heating natural gas in gas transmission lines, and for other uses. The solution is heated in a liquid heat transfer medium in a fluid heating zone and transferred to a gas heating zone.

Abstract: Potassium or other alkali metal formate solution is used to absorb moisture from gas through a membrane. The membrane may be supported on permeable tubes, and the potassium or other alkali metal formate may be regenerated for reuse, preferably by a cavitation regenerator. The potassium or other alkali metal formate should be present as a 40-80% solution, most preferably 70-76%. The process is especially useful for the dehydration of natural gas.

Abstract: Fire hydrants are protected from freezing by including potassium formate, preferably at least 10% by weight, in the water enclosed in them during nonuse.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: Fire hydrants are protected from freezing by including potassium formate, preferably at least 10% by weight, in the water enclosed in them during nonuse.

Abstract: Moisture is removed from gas by contacting the gas with a solution of potassium formate to remove moisture from the gas, regenerating the potassium formate solution by removing water from it, and returning the potassium formate solution to contact gas to dehydrate it. Regeneration of the potassium formate solution is most preferably accomplished in a cavitation regenerator. The gas is most preferably natural gas.

Abstract: Potassium or other alkali metal formate solution is used to absorb moisture from gas through a membrane. The membrane may be supported on permeable tubes, and the potassium or other alkali metal formate may be regenerated for reuse, preferably by a cavitation regenerator. The potassium or other alkali metal formate should be present as a 40-80% solution, most preferably 70-76%. The process is especially useful for the dehydration of natural gas.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid comprising potassium formate is used to good effect in line heaters for heating natural gas in gas transmision lines, and for other uses. The solution is heated in a liquid heat transfer medium in a fluid heating zone and transferred to a gas heating zone.

Abstract: A centrifugal liquid pump includes an impeller and a hub for the impeller, whereby gases entrained in the liquid are separated from the liquid and collect near the hub by centripetal action. A shaft is connected to the hub for rotating the impeller, and a passageway extends axially through the shaft. A gas entry is provided near the hub in communication with the passageway. An air pump is provided at an opposite end of the shaft for evacuating the separated gases collected near the hub. The air pump is independent of and remote from the impeller and is in communication with the passageway extending axially through the shaft.