Abstract: The disclosure relates to modified orthopoxvirus vectors, as well as methods of using the same for the treatment of various cancers. The disclosure provides modified orthopoxvirus vectors that exhibit various beneficial therapeutic activities, including enhanced oncolytic activity, spread of infection, immune evasion, tumor persistence, capacity for incorporation of exogenous DNA sequences and safety. The viruses we have discovered are also amenable to large scale manufacturing protocols.

Abstract: Watercraft hulls and parts thereof are disclosed which improve hydrodynamic performance for yachts, sailboards, and other craft. Drag at the transition from displacement mode to planing mode may be reduced to be the same or less than the minimum drag experienced in planing mode. Exemplary embodiments may include a bow with a center planing surface and tunnels to either side. The bow tunnels may each end in a step. At least part of the center planing surface may be cambered. A spoiler and/or interceptor may be provided at an aft end of a camber of a planing surface. For some hulls, the bow is followed by a main lift surface which is followed by a back lift surface (from stem to stern). In the back lift surface behind the main lift surface, a tunnel surface may be provided to add longitudinal stability.

Abstract: Watercraft hulls and parts thereof are disclosed which improve hydrodynamic performance for yachts, sailboards, and other craft. Drag at the transition from displacement mode to planing mode may be reduced to be the same or less than the minimum drag experienced in planing mode. Exemplary embodiments may include a bow with a center planing surface and tunnels to either side. The bow tunnels may each end in a step. At least part of the center planing surface may be cambered. A spoiler and/or interceptor may be provided at an aft end of a camber of a planing surface. For some hulls, the bow is followed by a main lift surface which is followed by a back lift surface (from stem to stern). In the back lift surface behind the main lift surface, a tunnel surface may be provided to add longitudinal stability.

Abstract: A hull for a planing type watercraft has a front lift surface, a high lift surface, and a back planing surface. The high lift surface is adjacent a rockered keel area and between the front lift surface and the back planing surface. The center of dynamic lift on the high lift surface is at or in front of a point which is 15% of the hull length behind a total center of gravity of the hull under loading. At least the back one third of the high lift surface is cambered, and a beam of the high lift surface is greater than two thirds of the maximum width of the hull. The average camber of the front lift surface, the high lift surface, and the back planing surface together is less than or equal to zero.

Abstract: A hull for a planing type watercraft has a front lift surface, a high lift surface, and a back planing surface. The high lift surface is adjacent a rockered keel area and between the front lift surface and the back planing surface. The center of dynamic lift on the high lift surface is at or in front of a point which is 15% of the hull length behind a total center of gravity of the hull under loading. At least the back one third of the high lift surface is cambered, and a beam of the high lift surface is greater than two thirds of the maximum width of the hull. The average camber of the front lift surface, the high lift surface, and the back planing surface together is less than or equal to zero.

Abstract: A step shape in a planing hull for water craft and more particularly for sailboards, surfboard or PWC for increasing the lift in front of the step and decreasing it in back at high planing speed, which has dynamic lift directly behind the step when the hull is traveling at a transition speed between displacement mode and planing mode, but at high planing speed it does not have lift directly behind the step. The hull has increased speed because the lift behind the step at transition speed allows the position of the step to be moved forward and in one embodiment has cambered surface (9) in front of the step. This step does not go across the full width of the hull such that there is a continuous planing surface in front of the fins or other means, which it is desirous that they not ventilate, and fin or other means has more ventilation resistance in another embodiment.

Abstract: A sailboard hull has at least one pair of winglets or foils beneath the top of the board. Each winglet or foil has above it a slot and allows dynamic lift from both the top and bottom surface of the winglet and reduction of drag when the board is traveling at a transition speed between displacement mode and planing mode. At high planing speed it does not normally have lift from the top surface of the winglet. There may be multiple pairs of winglets or foils. Back slots may be provided at the rear of the sailboard hull providing a higher ratio of winglet width to maximum hull width. A top slot may cover at least half the winglet area, and a winglet may have a camber/slope step on the planing surface.

Abstract: A step shape in a planing hull for water craft and more particularly for sailboards, surfboard or PWC for increasing the lift in front of the step and decreasing it in back at high planing speed, which has dynamic lift directly behind the step when the hull is traveling at a transition speed between displacement mode and planing mode, but at high planing speed it does not have lift directly behind the step. The hull has increased speed because the lift behind the step at transition speed allows the position of the step to be moved forward and in one embodiment has cambered surface (9) in front of the step. This step does not go across the full width of the hull such that there is a continuous planing surface in front of the fins or other means, which it is desirous that they not ventilate, and fin or other means has more ventilation resistance in another embodiment.

Abstract: A winglet in a planing hull for sailboards with longitudinal length at least three times its transverse width, or a top slot that covers at least half the winglet area, and a forward slot and or a top slot, which allows dynamic lift from both the top and bottom surface of the winglet when the board is traveling at a transition speed between displacement mode and planing mode, but at high planing speed it does not normally have lift from the top surface of the winglet. This winglet may have a camber/slope step on the planing surface. In addition the transverse section of the nose of the hull can have the shape of an upside down wing.

Abstract: High performance of a sailboard is achieved over a wider range of wind and water conditions by providing a hull having two or more planing surfaces which may differ in shape and/or aspect ratio. Drag due to suction at steps between planing surfaces is reduced by venting to the air. Cusp shaping of the respective planing surfaces can reduce and stabilize the angle of attack at the displacement/planing transition without causing fore-and-aft pitching effects known as porpoising. By confining water under the planing surfaces to reduce lateral outflow thereof through increased downward curvature of the bottom of the board, winglets, asymmetrical fins, fences and the like, the effective width and aspect ratio of the wetted area may be altered beyond that of the actual geometry of the planing surfaces to further increase lift and reduce drag while providing additional sources of lift at displacement, transitional and planing speeds.

Abstract: Ion optical methods and apparatus are provided for producing low energy ion beams. The apparatus includes an acceleration electrode for accelerating the ion beam, a deceleration electrode downstream of the acceleration electrode for decelerating the ion beam, and an ion optical element downstream of the deceleration electrode for inhibiting electrons in the beam plasma from reaching the deceleration electrode. The deceleration electrode is biased at a voltage that is selected to provide a potential barrier to thermal ions in the beam plasma to inhibit the thermal ions from reaching the acceleration electrode. The ion optical element maybe implemented as an electron repulsing electrode or as a magnetic element. The acceleration electrode, the deceleration electrode, or both, may be segmented in a direction lateral to the ion beam to define individually controllable electrode segments. The ion optical apparatus may be implemented as an ion source extraction system or as a deceleration lens system.

Abstract: Uniformity of plasma density is enhanced at high plasma density and with reduced gas cracking and/or without electron charging of a workpiece by limiting coupling of voltages to the plasma and returning a majority of RF current to elements of an antenna driven with different phases of a VHF/UHF signal and/or providing a magnetic filter which separates a hot plasma region from a cold plasma region along a side of the chamber and further provides a preferential drift path between the hot and cold plasma regions. The magnetic field structure of the magnetic filter is preferably closed at one end or fully closed to surround the plasma. Additional magnetic elements limit the transverse field at the surface of a workpiece to less than 10 Gauss. Either or both of the antenna and the magnetic filter can be retrofitted to existing plasma reactor vessels and improve the performance and throughput thereof.

Abstract: High performance of a sailboard is achieved over a wider range of wind and water conditions by providing a hull having two or more planing surfaces which may differ in shape and/or aspect ratio. Drag due to suction at steps between planing surfaces is reduced by venting to the air. Cusp shaping of the respective planing surfaces can reduce and stabilize the angle of attack at the displacement/planing transition without causing fore-and-aft pitching effects known as porpoising.

Abstract: A well-defined buried layer is developed in a body of semiconductor material such as a wafer at high throughput and without developing non-annullable crystal lattice defects at a surface of the body of semiconductor material using a broad, substantially uniform ion beam, preferably provided by an electron-cyclotron resonance or bucket or multi-pole plasma source, which is allowed to produce ionization only when a stable acceleration voltage is present to provide a narrow spread of ion energies. High purity of ion population in the ion beam is provided by employing a high level of vacuum (e.g. fractions of a microTorr) in the implantation vessel or ion source and introducing ionizable material in substantially pure form. Thus mass analysis of the beam is unnecessary for implantation of only a desired ion species. A magnetic filter may be employed to adjust relative populations of ion species. Arc breakdown can be avoided by increasing the length of the ion beam extraction column so that the.

Abstract: High performance of a sailboard is achieved over a wider range of wind and water conditions by providing a hull having two or more planing surfaces which may differ in shape and/or aspect ratio. Drag due to suction at steps between planing surfaces is reduced by venting to the air. Cusp shaping of the respective planing surfaces can reduce and stabilize the angle of attack at the displacement/planing transition without causing fore-and-aft pitching effects known as porpoising. By confining water under the planing surfaces to reduce lateral outflow thereof through increased downward curvature of the bottom of the board, winglets, asymmetrical fins, fences and the like, the effective width and aspect ratio of the wetted area may be altered beyond that of the actual geometry of the planing surfaces to further increase lift and reduce drag while providing additional sources of lift at displacement, transitional and planing speeds.

Abstract: High performance of a sailboard is achieved over a wider range of wind and water conditions by providing a hull having two or more planing surfaces which may differ in shape and/or aspect ratio. Drag due to suction at steps between planing surfaces is reduced by venting to the air. Cusp shaping of the respective planing surfaces can reduce and stabilize the angle of attack at the displacement/planing transition without causing fore-and-aft pitching effects known as porpoising.

Abstract: Ion optical methods and apparatus are provided for producing low energy ion beams. The apparatus includes an acceleration electrode for accelerating the ion beam, a deceleration electrode downstream of the acceleration electrode for decelerating the ion beam, and an ion optical element downstream of the deceleration electrode for inhibiting electrons in the beam plasma from reaching the deceleration electrode. The deceleration electrode is biased at a voltage that is selected to provide a potential barrier to thermal ions in the beam plasma to inhibit the thermal ions from reaching the acceleration electrode. The ion optical element maybe implemented as an electron repulsing electrode or as a magnetic element. The acceleration electrode, the deceleration electrode, or both, may be segmented in a direction lateral to the ion beam to define individually controllable electrode segments. The ion optical apparatus may be implemented as an ion source extraction system or as a deceleration lens system.

Abstract: Uniformity of plasma density is enhanced at high plasma density and with reduced gas cracking and/or without electron charging of a workpiece by limiting coupling of voltages to the plasma and returning a majority of RF current to elements of an antenna driven with different phases of a VHF/UHF signal and/or providing a magnetic filter which separates a hot plasma region from a cold plasma region along a side of the chamber and further provides a preferential drift path between the hot and cold plasma regions. The magnetic field structure of the magnetic filter is preferably closed at one end or fully closed to surround the plasma. Additional magnetic elements limit the transverse field at the surface of a workpiece to less than 10 Gauss. Either or both of the antenna and the magnetic filter can be retrofitted to existing plasma reactor vessels and improve the performance and throughput thereof.

Abstract: A method is described for lighting an inductive plasma in a plasma processing tool having a matching network, at pressures of about 20 mTorr and below. A matching condition for a capacitive plasma is determined, which then is used to define a match preset condition. When a plasma is started with the matching network in that preset condition, a capacitive plasma ignites and is maintained with a minimum of power. Excess power (power greater than that required to maintain the capacitive plasma) transfers the plasma to the inductive mode. The matching condition for the capacitive plasma may be determined by lighting a plasma, setting a power delivered thereto at not more than about 20 watts, and allowing the matching network to tune to the plasma. A capacitive plasma may be easily started at this preset condition. Current produced in the coil due to the excess power then causes the inductive plasma to light.

Abstract: Spreading of an ion beam when passing through a dipole magnet is reduced or suppressed by electrostatic ion beam confinement which supplements magnetic confinement which may be provided. The magnetic confinement is enhanced by the provision of a magnetic mirror through concentration and localized increase of the dipole field with a concave profile of the pole pieces faces and/or provision of permanent magnets or localized regions of material of increased permeability to form magnetic cusps. Pitch and geometry of convex portions of the pole piece faces are adjusted to increase the mirror ratio and the location of the maximum mirror field relative to the thickness of a graphite or insulating liner which may be employed. Electrostatic confinement elements in the form of negatively charged electrodes and/or electrically isolated electrodes or insulators which assume a negative charge.