Abstract: A process for the preparation of a desired chemical compound in a continuous reactor in which a part of the product stream exits the reactor and part of the product stream is recycled around the reactor in order to reduce the amount of buffer that would otherwise be required.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a desired chemical compound in a continuous reactor in which a part of the product stream exits the reactor and part of the product stream is recycled around the reactor in order to reduce the amount of buffer that would otherwise be required.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle, and R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, C(O)C1-10 alkyl or optionally substituted aryl provided that R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen which process comprises reacting together a compound of formula (II): Ar—X??(II) wherein Ar is as defined in relation to formula (I) and X represents a leaving group with a a compound of formula (III) wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in relation to formula (I) under aqueous conditions in the presence of a Pd (II) salt, a ligand and a Group I or Group II metal hydroxide base at a pH greater than 7. Compounds of formula (I) may be hydrolysed to the corresponding hydrazine.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of general formula I: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl, any of which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen and OH; or COOR.sup.4, COR.sup.6, CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 or CONHSO.sub.2 R.sup.4 ;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;R.sup.6 is a halogen atom or a group R.sup.4 ;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or halo;R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkynyl, any of which may optionally be substituted with one or more halogen atoms; or halo;the process comprising reacting a compound of general formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the nitration of an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound with a nitrating agent comprising nitric acid or a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, characterised in that nitration is performed in a solvent comprising at least 50% v/v of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl ester of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 carboxylic acid. The process is of particular use for the nitration of diphenyl ethers to give compounds which are useful as herbicides or as intermediates in the synthesis of herbicides.

Abstract: A process whereby N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate) or its salts is manufactured by:1) forming N-phosphonomethylglycinonitrile by reacting aminomethylphosphonic acid, an alkali metal cyanide and formaldehyde in aqueous solution at a pH in the range from 10 to 13 (and preferably from 11 to 11.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing organopolysiloxanes consisting of 0.18 to 14 mole percent of units of the formula (I): OSi(R).C.sub.d H.sub.2d CH.sub.2 N(R.sup.iv).Si(R)O, 0 to 0.1 mole percent of units of the formula (II): OSi(R)NHCH.sub.2 C(R'")=CH.sub.2 ; and 0 to 50 mole percent of units of the formula (III): OSi(R)C.sub.d H.sub.2d CH.sub.2 NH(R.sup.iv), the remaining units being R.sub.3 SiO.sub.1/2 or R.sub.e H.sub.f SiO.sub.4-e-f)/2, where R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, R'" is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.iv is hydrogen or alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, d is 2 or 3, e is 1 or 2, f is 0 or 1 and e + f is 2; and to organopolysiloxanes having the average general formula: ##STR1## WHERE R' is hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon or polyoxyalkylene of the formula (C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.c R" wherein n is 2 or 3, R.sup.iv is hydrogen or alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, c is an integer of 1 to 30 and R" is hydrogen or monovalent hydrocarbon, r is a number from 0.1 to 5.0, s is a number from 1 to 4.

Abstract: Silanes and siloxanes having at least one group of the general formula ##STR1## WHERE R is a divalent group, R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, X is a hydrolyzable group, n is 8, 10 or 12, a is 0 or 1, m is 2, 3 or 4, b is 0, 1 or 2, c is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and b + c is not greater than 3, and uses thereof e.g. in surface treatment of glass fibres.