Abstract: A method includes receiving a system independence query requesting determination of a level of independence between a first system and a second system. The method includes obtaining a first set of time-series data including a first series of data points listed in time order and obtaining a second set of time-series data including a second series of data points listed in time order. Each data point of the first and second series of data points represents a respective system value of a feature associated with the first and second system. The method includes determining an amount of correlation between the first set of time-series data and the second set of time-series data. When the amount of correlation between the first set of time-series data and the second set of time-series data satisfies a correlation threshold, the method includes reporting that the first system and the second system are independent.