Abstract: An example method of rerouting data involves rerouting a logical circuit from a first set of switches to a second set of switches to communicate data between network devices without breaking the logical circuit. The logical circuit comprises variable communication paths. The second set of switches is to form a route associated with the variable communication paths that is not predefined and that is dynamically defined at a time of automatic rerouting. The example method also involves rerouting the data from the logical circuit to a logical failover circuit in the data network when the logical circuit fails based on a committed information rate having been exceeded. The logical failover circuit comprises an alternative communication path to communicate the data.

Abstract: An example method involves, when a first quality of service parameter for a failed logical circuit is equal to or less than a second quality of service parameter for a logical failover circuit, rerouting data from the failed logical circuit to the logical failover circuit without requiring authorization from a customer to communicate the data at the second quality of service parameter. When the second quality of service parameter for the logical failover circuit is a lower level of quality than the first quality of service parameter for the failed logical circuit: a customer is prompted for an authorization to communicate the data via the logical failover circuit at the second quality of service parameter; when the authorization is received, the data is rerouted from the failed logical circuit to the logical failover circuit; and when the authorization is denied, the data is not rerouted to the logical failover circuit.

Abstract: An example method involves generating a table to store current reroute statistics based on rerouting of data from one or more logical circuits, when they have failed, to one or more logical failover circuits. The current reroute statistics include trap data received for the one or more logical circuits. The trap data includes a committed information rate. Each of the logical circuits and logical failover circuits is identified by a logical circuit identifier that is renamed until the one or more logical circuits have been restored. The table is updated to store updated reroute statistics that include updated trap data received for the one or more logical circuits. Generating the updated reroute statistics comprises detecting a change in a status of the one or more logical circuits by determining if a frame has been dropped. The frame is dropped when the committed information rate has been exceeded.

Abstract: An example involves identifying a failure of a dedicated logical circuit connecting a host device to a remote device to communicate data that originates and terminates only at the host and remote devices. When a first logical circuit identifier of the dedicated logical circuit does not match a second logical circuit identifier of a logical failover circuit comprising an alternate communication path for communicating the data: the second logical circuit identifier is renamed to identify the logical failover circuit using the first logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is a dedicated logical failover circuit to communicate only when the dedicated logical circuit fails, and the dedicated logical circuit is renamed to identify the dedicated logical circuit using the second logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is to communicate regardless of failure of the dedicated logical circuit.

Abstract: A customer order is received for routing data for a time period. A logical circuit is provisioned for routing the data during the time period. The logical circuit is provisioned through a first LATA, an IEC, and a second LATA. The logical circuit includes first variable communication paths that automatically reroute from a first set of switches to a second set of switches of the first LATA while maintaining the logical circuit, second variable communication paths to route the data through the second LATA, and fixed communication paths to route the data between the first LATA, the second LATA, and the IEC. The second set of switches forms a route associated with the first variable communication paths that is not predefined and that is dynamically defined at a time of automatic rerouting. The logical circuit is added to a deletion batch for deletion after the time period.

Abstract: An example method of rerouting data involves rerouting a logical circuit from a first set of switches to a second set of switches to communicate data between network devices without breaking the logical circuit. The logical circuit comprises variable communication paths. The second set of switches is to form a route associated with the variable communication paths that is not predefined and that is dynamically defined at a time of automatic rerouting. The example method also involves rerouting the data from the logical circuit to a logical failover circuit in the data network when the logical circuit fails based on a committed information rate having been exceeded. The logical failover circuit comprises an alternative communication path to communicate the data.

Abstract: An example method involves rerouting data from a logical circuit to a logical failover circuit when the logical circuit fails based on an exceeded quality of service parameter. The logical failover circuit is selected based on a committed bit rate, a variable bit rate, or an unspecified bit rate. The example method also involves rerouting data from a first set of switches to a second set of switches in the absence of a failure associated with the logical circuit. The logical circuit comprises variable communication paths, and the second set of switches are to form a route associated with the variable communication paths that is not predefined and that is dynamically defined at a time of automatic rerouting while maintaining the logical circuit through the second set of switches.

Abstract: An example involves selecting a logical failover circuit comprising an alternate communication path for communicating data upon a failure of a dedicated logical circuit connecting a host device to a remote device. When a first logical circuit identifier of the dedicated logical circuit does not match a second logical circuit identifier of the logical failover circuit: the second logical circuit identifier of the logical failover circuit is renamed to identify the logical failover circuit using the first logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is a dedicated logical failover circuit used to communicate only when the dedicated logical circuit fails, and the dedicated logical circuit is renamed to identify the dedicated logical circuit using the second logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is used to communicate regardless of the failure of the dedicated logical circuit. The data is rerouted to the logical failover circuit without manual intervention.

Abstract: A disclosed example method involves determining a first quality of service parameter associated with a failed logical circuit, and a second quality of service parameter associated with a logical failover circuit. When the first quality of service parameter is equal to or less than the second quality of service parameter, data from the failed logical circuit is rerouted to the logical failover circuit without requiring authorization from a customer to communicate the data at the second quality of service parameter. When the second quality of service parameter is a lower level of quality than the first quality of service parameter, the customer is prompted for authorization to communicate the data via the logical failover circuit at the second quality of service parameter. When authorization is received, the data is rerouted to the logical failover circuit. When authorization is denied, the data is not rerouted to the logical failover circuit.

Abstract: An example method involves rerouting a logical circuit from a first set of switches to a second set of switches to communicate data between network devices without breaking the logical circuit. The logical circuit includes variable communication paths, and the second set of switches are to form a route associated with the variable communication paths that is not predefined and that is dynamically defined at a time of automatic rerouting. The example method also involves detecting a failure of the logical circuit based on at least one of a committed information rate or a committed burst size having been exceeded. In addition, the data is rerouted from the logical circuit to a logical failover circuit in the data network in response to detecting the failure of the logical circuit. The logical failover circuit includes an alternative communication path to communicate the data.

Abstract: A customer order is received for routing data for a time period, and provisioning a logical circuit for routing the data during the time period. The logical circuit is provisioned through a first LATA, an IEC, and a second LATA. The logical circuit includes first variable communication paths that automatically reroute from a first set of switches to a second set of switches of the first LATA while maintaining the logical circuit, second variable communication paths to route the data through the second LATA, and fixed communication paths to route the data between the first LATA, the second LATA, and the IEC. The second set of switches form a route associated with the first variable communication paths that is not predefined and that is dynamically defined at a time of automatic rerouting. The logical circuit is added to a deletion batch, and disconnected at the end of the time period.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automatically rerouting logical circuit data from a physical circuit failure in a data network. When a failure in a logical circuit is detected, a label or services name associated with the logical circuit is automatically associated with a logical circuit identifier utilized for identifying the logical circuit in the 10 data network. Once the logical circuit is associated with the logical circuit identifier, the logical circuit data may be automatically rerouted to a “failover network,” thereby minimizing lost data until the failure in the logical circuit is resolved. The logical failover circuit may be an already existing logical circuit provisioned over a dedicated backup physical circuit in the data network.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to automatically reroute logical circuit data. In accordance with an example method, a failure of a dedicated logical circuit in a packet-based network is identified. The dedicated logical circuit has a first logical circuit identifier assigned prior to identifying the failure. The dedicated logical circuit connects a host device to a remote device to communicate data that originates and terminates only at the host device and the remote device. A logical failover circuit comprising an alternate communication path for communicating the data is selected. When the first logical circuit identifier of the dedicated logical circuit does not match a second logical circuit identifier of the logical failover circuit, the second logical circuit identifier is renamed to match the first logical circuit identifier. The data is rerouted to the logical failover circuit without manual intervention.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for tracking the rerouting of logical circuit data in a data network. A disclosed example method involves updating reroute information in response to a dropped packet associated with a quality of service parameter having been exceeded. Transmitted data is rerouted to at least one logical failover circuit in the data network from at least one failed logical circuit associated with the exceeded quality of service parameter. The at least one logical failover circuit is selected based on a bit rate capability specified to be one of a committed bit rate, a variable bit rate, or an unspecified bit rate.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for provisioning logical circuits for intermittent use in a data network. A customer order requesting the use of a logical circuit for communicating data for a predetermined time period is received in the data network. A logical circuit is then provisioned in the data network prior to the start of the predetermined time period for communicating the customer data. Once the predetermined time period has elapsed, the provisioned logical circuit is deleted from the data network.

Abstract: A disclosed example method involves determining a first quality of service parameter associated with a failed logical circuit, and a second quality of service parameter associated with a logical failover circuit. When the first quality of service parameter is equal to or less than the second quality of service parameter, data from the failed logical circuit is rerouted to the logical failover circuit without requiring authorization from a customer to communicate the data at the second quality of service parameter. When the second quality of service parameter is a lower level of quality than the first quality of service parameter, the customer is prompted for authorization to communicate the data via the logical failover circuit at the second quality of service parameter. When authorization is received, the data is rerouted to the logical failover circuit. When authorization is denied, the data is not rerouted to the logical failover circuit.

Abstract: Determining a failure of a logical connection in a logical circuit identified by a logical circuit identifier, the logical circuit comprising variable communication paths in at least one of a first or a second logical telecommunications network and a fixed communication path between the first and second logical telecommunications networks, and the failed logical connection being between the first and second logical telecommunications networks; identifying a logical failover circuit comprising an alternate communication path in a failover network that is separate from the logical circuit, the failover network reserved to provide failover circuits to communicate data rerouted from failed logical circuits, and the logical failover circuit identified by a second logical circuit identifier; renaming the logical circuit identifier of the logical circuit to the second logical circuit identifier of the logical failover circuit; and rerouting the data from the logical circuit to the logical failover circuit without ma

Abstract: A surgical clip (5) is provided for clipping a tubular structure (9) in vivo to ligate the tubular structure. The clip comprises first and second clip portions (6, 7). A hinge portion (8) is provided connecting the clip portions together and to enable the clip portions to be hinged together from an open clip condition to a closed clip condition thereby to ligate a tubular structure placed between the clip portions. A lock is provided for locking the clip portions together in the closed clip condition. In the closed clip condition the clip has a substantially smooth external profile, for example including blunt ends (21), so as to reduce the possibility of the clip (in use) eroding surrounding tissue structures.

Abstract: A collapsible feeder is provided for use in combination with a cage or kennel. The feeder includes a collapsible container and a cage-mounted hinge. The collapsible container is made from a flexible material that collapses to a flat profile, and the collapsible container is connected to the cage-mounted hinge so that the collapsible container and adjacent apparatus may be folded up against the cage to maximize interior cage space when not in use.

Abstract: A disclosed example method to identify a failure in a logical circuit involves receiving non-requested trap data from a plurality of switches forming a logical circuit. The logical circuit spans first, second, and third logical networks. The example method also involves polling first and second switches of the logical circuit exclusive of others of the plurality of switches of the logical circuit. The first switch forms a first network-to-network interface between the first logical network and the second logical network. The second switch forms a second network-to-network interface between the second logical network and the third logical network. The first and second switches are selected for polling based on the trap data indicating a problem at the first and second switches. The example method also involves identifying a failure of the logical circuit without manual intervention based on the polling.