Abstract: The invention relates to a method of patterning a substrate with graphene-based or other electroactive-material-based solution that includes solid-phase particles as hard templates, reducing the solution, and processing the reduced solution to expose the particles. The exposed hard template particles are removed to leave a three-dimensional (3D) porous architecture that can be beneficially used for a variety of applications, including but not limited to bio sensors and supercapacitors. In one example, the exposure is by etching with a CO2 laser. The method can be practiced with scalable MEMS fabrication technologies.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and compositions to produce high resolution, highly scalable patterns on a variety of substrates. A high resolution sacrificial negative of the desired pattern in inkjet printed on the substrate with an inkjet printable ink. A viscous solution is coated or deposited over the negative pattern and substrate. The solution is stabilized such as by drying and adheres to the substrate. The sacrificial negative is removed, leaving the dried solution in the high resolution form factor defined by the removed negative. This allows the solution to be formulated without regard to meeting inkjet printing requirements but results in a high resolution final positive pattern on the substrate.