Abstract: Colored shapable polyesters having copolymerized therein lignin or lignin derivatives are prepared by condensing the lignin or lignin derivatives into the polyester backbone during the polymerization reaction. The lignin moieties are thermally stable at the polymer processing temperatures and are nonextractable from the polyester backbone. These colored, shapable polyesters are particularly suitable for use in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic container applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine by chlorinating the reaction product of phenylhydrazine and a dicarboxylic anhydride to obtain an N-(2,4,6-trichloroanilino)dicarboximide which is reacted with a base capable of liberating 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine therefrom.

Abstract: Colored unsaturated polyesters having copolymerized therein lignin and lignin derivatives which condense during polymerization into the polyester chain are disclosed. The lignin moieties are thermally stable at the polymer processing temperature and are nonextractable from the polymer making these colored polyesters suitable for use in bathroom fixtures, boats, certain automotive applications and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and their preparation wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each selected from H and alkyl wherein the alkyl moieties are straight or branched chain of 1-20 carbons, preferably 1-6 carbons. Readily prepared therefrom are the corresponding unsaturated esters of the formula R.sup.2 S(R.sup.1)CH--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--COO-alkyl which are useful as intermediates in the preparation of herbicides.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-3-halo-1-propanesulfonates are reacted with certain arylamines, preferably in the presence of a base such as KOH or NaOH in one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2-ethoxyethanol and the like to give 2-hydroxy-3-(arylamino)-1-propanesulfonates useful as couplers for acid dyes for polyamide fibers. The present coupler products which are derivatives of aniline, tetrahydroquinoline, and benzomorpholine, have the general formulae ##STR1## wherein the rings may be substituted with a wide variety of substituents known to the dye art;M is NH.sub.4.sup.+ or a group IA metal, preferably Na.sup.+, or K.sup.+ ; andR.sup.3 is hydrogen or a group such as alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl, each of which may be substituted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of aryl alkyl sulfones and aryl vinyl sulfones. The process comprises reacting an aryl compound with an alkyl sulfonyl fluoride or with a vinyl sulfonyl fluoride in the presence of a catalyst selected from AlCl.sub.3 and AlBr.sub.3. The aryl compound is preferably selected from chlorobenzene, the isomeric xylenes, the isomeric trimethyl benzenes, and mixtures thereof. The alkyl group of the alkyl sulfonyl fluoride preferably contains 1-18 carbon atoms, and the vinyl group of the vinyl sulfonyl fluoride is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl groups containing 1-5 carbon atoms. The reaction is conducted at a temperature between about -25.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. in the presence or absence of an inert solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for converting aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding acid chlorides by reacting an aromatic aldehyde with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of a phosphine, phosphine oxide or phosphonium compound. The product compounds produced by the process of this invention are useful as chemical synthesis intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, dyes, herbicides and photographic chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-fermentation process for placing unsaturation at the 9,11 position in a steroidal compound. Also, the present invention provides a process whereby the modified steroidal compound can be separated from the reaction mixture without the use of chromatography. More specifically, the present invention provides a process whereby a steroid compound such as 17-.alpha.-hydroxy-progesterone is reacted to form the meta iodoaryl benzoate. The iodoarylbenzoate is then irradiated with visible light in the presence of an alkyl-m-iodobenzoate dichloride to form the 9.alpha.-chloro steroid derivative. The chlorinated steroid derivative can then be hydrolized to provide a 9.alpha.-chloro steroidal alcohol and m-iodobenzoic acid. The m-iodobenzoic acid is extracted by the use of an aqueous base.

Abstract: Disclosed is the title compound and its preparation by the reaction of 1,4-cyclohexanedione and 1,4-butanediol. The title compound is useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of certain 1-aryl-3-amino-5-pyrazolones by reacting a 3-nitropropionic acid ester with certain aryldiazonium salts to produce intermediate .alpha.-nitrohydrazones and then reducing the intermediate to give the corresponding aminopyrazolones. The aryl group may be, for example, phenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, or the like, the diazo anion can be, e.g., Br.sup.-, Cl.sup.-, BF.sub.4.sup.-, or SO.sub.4.sup..dbd., and the ester alcohol moiety can be any convenient, unreactive group, preferably alkyl. The aminopyrazolones are useful for the preparation of photographic couplers.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is --CH.sub.2 -CH.sub.2 -O--.sub.n R.sup.1, n is an integer of 1 to 5 and R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. These compounds are useful as complexing agents which solubilize certain usually insoluble inorganic compounds and salts of organic compounds in organic solvents, and as catalysts in certain organic synthetic reactions.