Abstract: The present disclosure may provide semiconductor perovskite layers and method of making thereof. In some cases, the perovskite layer may comprise a composition of MAn1FAn2Csn3PbX3. MA may be methylammonium, FA may be formamidinium, n1, n2, and n3 may independently be greater than 0 and less than 1, and n1+n2+n3 may equal 1.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide semiconductor perovskite layers and method of making thereof. In some cases, the perovskite layer may comprise a composition of MAn1FAn2Csn3PbX3. MA may be methylammonium, FA may be formamidinium, n1, n2, and n3 may independently be greater than 0 and less than 1, and n1 + n2 + n3 may equal 1.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a tandem, 4-terminal, silicon-perovskite solar device. The device may comprise a silicon solar cell having a first band gap; a glass sheet covering the silicon solar cell, wherein the glass sheet comprises a top surface and a bottom surface; and a perovskite solar cell having a second band gap, wherein the perovskite solar cell is deposited on the bottom surface of the glass sheet.

Abstract: A tandem solar cell. The tandem solar cell includes a bottom cell, a joining layer directly on the bottom cell, and a top cell directly on the joining layer. The bottom cell is a silicon solar cell and the joining layer includes a transparent conductive oxide layer. The transparent conductive layer facilitates the flow of current through the device, and passivates the silicon bottom cell.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over dispersive fiber optic links in which a first information-containing radio frequency signal input is applied to a modulation circuit for directly modulating a semiconductor laser with the signal input. The output of the laser is applied to a phase modulator to which a second information-containing radio frequency signal is applied.

Abstract: Wire array solar cells including tandem cells are disclosed. Each solar cell structure in the wire array can comprise a plurality of tandem cells, each tandem cell having multiple junctions separated by tunnel diodes. The junctions in the tandem cell have different bandgaps and are constructed to absorb different light spectra. Typically, each solar cell comprises an inner cell and an outer cell. The bandgap of the inner cell junction is constructed to be lower than the bandgap of the outer cell junction. The absorption and respective thicknesses of the inner and outer cell junctions is chosen so that the series current through the structure is matched in each cell and maximized.

Abstract: The terrestrial solar tracking photovoltaic array includes a longitudinal support that may be constructed of discrete sections. The overall length of the array may be adjusted depending upon the necessary size of the array. A drive may be configured to rotate the longitudinal support in first and second directions about a first axis. Solar cell modules are positioned along the longitudinal support and may each include a rectangular case with a plurality of lenses that are positioned over corresponding receivers. Linkages may be connected to the solar cell modules and are axially movable along the longitudinal support to rotate the solar cell modules within second planes that each orthogonal to the first plane to further track the sun during the course of the day. The array may be configured to facilitate rotation about the first axis. The array may be constructed with a center of gravity of the array to extending through the longitudinal support.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; a modulator for externally modulating the optical output signal with a RF signal to produce an optical signal including a modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled either to the output of the modulator or directly to the output of the laser for reducing or canceling the noise signals generated in the laser.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; an input coupled to the laser for directly amplitude modulating the laser with an RF signal to produce an optical signal including an amplitude modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled to the output of the laser for reducing or canceling the noise signals generated in the laser.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; a modulator for externally modulating the optical output signal with a RF signal to produce an optical signal including a modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled either to the output of the modulator or directly to the output of the laser for reducing or canceling the noise signals generated in the laser.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; an input coupled to the laser for directly amplitude modulating the laser with an analog RF signal to produce an output optical signal including an amplitude modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled to the output of the laser for reducing the distortion present in the received optical signal at the remote receiver.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; a modulator for externally modulating the optical output signal with a RF signal to produce an optical signal including a modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled either to the output of the modulator or directly to the output of the laser for reducing or canceling the noise signals generated in the laser.

Abstract: The terrestrial solar tracking photovoltaic array includes a longitudinal support that may be constructed of discrete sections. The overall length of the array may be adjusted depending upon the necessary size of the array. A drive may be configured to rotate the longitudinal support in first and second directions about a first axis. Solar cell modules are positioned along the longitudinal support and may each include a rectangular case with a plurality of lenses that are positioned over corresponding receivers. Linkages may be connected to the solar cell modules and are axially movable along the longitudinal support to rotate the solar cell modules within second planes that each orthogonal to the first plane to further track the sun during the course of the day. The array may be configured to facilitate rotation about the first axis. The array may be constructed with a center of gravity of the array to extending through the longitudinal support.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over dispersive fiber optic links in which a first information-containing radio frequency signal input is applied to a modulation circuit for directly modulating a semiconductor laser with the signal input. The output of the laser is applied to a phase modulator to which a second information-containing radio frequency signal is applied.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over dispersive fiber optic links in which a broadband analog radio frequency signal input is applied to a modulation circuit for directly modulating a semiconductor laser with the analog signal input. The transmitter may further include a temperature sensor in proximity to the laser and a negative feedback control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor for adjusting the temperature of the laser in response to an output characteristic of the laser, such as linearity.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; a modulator for externally modulating the optical output signal with a RF signal to produce an optical signal including a modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled either to the output of the modulator or directly to the output of the laser for canceling the noise signals generated in the laser.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; a modulator for directly amplitude modulating the laser with an analog RF signal to produce an optical signal including an amplitude modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled to the output of the laser for canceling the noise signals generated in the laser.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; a modulator for directly amplitude modulating the laser with an analog RF signal to produce an optical signal including an amplitude modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulated component and a phase modulator coupled to the output of the laser for reducing the distortion present in the received optical signal at the remote receiver.

Abstract: An optical transmitter including a housing containing an electrical input disposed in said housing for receiving an information signal; an amplifier for electronically amplifying the input signal; and a laser connected to the output of the amplifier for generating a modulated light beam corresponding to the information signal that is emitted externally from said housing.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; an input coupled to the laser for directly amplitude modulating the laser with an analog RF signal to produce an output optical signal including an amplitude modulated information-containing component; and a phase modulator coupled to the output of the laser for reducing the distortion present in the received optical signal at the remote receiver.