Abstract: Several embodiments disclosed herein relate to endurance-enhancing formulations comprising an optimized balance of carbohydrates and protein for consumption before or during physical activity, such as exercise. In several embodiments, consumption of the formulation before or during activity enhances endurance. Other embodiments provide for recovery formulations comprising an optimized balance of carbohydrates and protein, to optimize recovery from exercise, stimulate muscle glycogen repletion, muscle tissue repair and protein synthesis, and enhance the rate of training adaptation.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments of the present invention relate to exercise performance and recovery formulations. The exercise performance formulation, according to some embodiments, can be used in sports drinks to enhance endurance and decrease muscle recovery time, thereby improving performance. In other embodiments, the exercise recovery formulation, which can also be used in sports drinks, optimizes recovery from exercise, stimulates muscle glycogen repletion, tissue repair and protein synthesis, and enhances the rate of training adaptation. A dual formulation system comprising both the performance and recovery formulations is also provided.

Abstract: A filter assembly having a housing open at one end, and an annular filter element disposed in the housing. An end plate having elongated openings and auxiliary openings are arranged in a generally circular configuration radially equidistant from the center of the end plate. An outlet opening is disposed in the open end of the housing. The end plate is affixed to a lid which is secured to the end of the housing. A combination valve is retained between the annular filter element and the end plate. The combination valve includes an annular shoulder subdividing the elongated openings into inlet opening portions and bypass opening portions. The combination valve has a first portion that cooperates with the inlet opening portions in the end plate and a second portion that cooperates with the bypass opening portions. The second portion has more resistance to fluid flow than the first portion.

Abstract: A filter assembly has a housing open at one end, with an annular filter media/core assembly disposed in the housing. An end plate having at least one inlet opening and an outlet opening closes the open end of the housing. A spring having at least one bypass opening is disposed between the end of the filter media/core assembly to bias the annular filter media/core assembly towards the end plate. The end plate is affixed to a lid which is secured to the end of the housing. A first valve or anti-drainback valve cooperating with the inlet opening is retained between the filter media/core assembly and the end plate. A second valve or bypass valve cooperating with the bypass opening is retained between the filter media/core assembly and the spring. In operation, fluid will pass through the inlet opening, the filter media/core assembly and be discharged from the housing through the outlet opening.

Abstract: A vaccine contains at least one Drosophila cell-secreted, recombinantly-produced form of a truncated Flavivirus envelope glycoprotein, as an active ingredient, and an adjuvant, as a critical component of the vaccine. The adjuvant is an immunomodulating agent having an iscom-like structure and comprising within the iscom-like structure at least one lipid and at least one saponin, and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. Such a vaccine protects a subject against infection by a Flavivirus.

Abstract: The Flaviviridae comprise a number of medically important pathogens that cause significant morbidity in humans including the dengue (DEN) virus, Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE), and yellow fever virus (YF). Flaviviruses are generally transmitted to vertebrates by chronically infected mosquito or tick vectors. The viral particle which is enveloped by host cell membranes, comprises a single positive strand genomic RNA and the structural capsid (CA), membrane (M), and envelope (E) proteins. The E and M proteins are found on the surface of the virion where they are anchored in the membrane. Mature E is glycosylated and contains functional domains responsible for cell surface attachment and intraendosomal fusion activities. Problems have arisen in the art with respect to producing recombinant forms of the E glycoprotein that retain their native configuration and attendant properties associated therewith (i.e., ability to induce neutralizing antibody responses).

Abstract: The Flaviviridae comprise a number of medically important pathogens that cause significant morbidity in humans including the dengue (DEN) virus, Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE), and yellow fever virus (YF). Flaviviruses are generally transmitted to vertebrates by chronically infected mosquito or tick vectors. The viral particle which is enveloped by host cell membranes, comprises a single positive strand genomic RNA and the structural capsid (CA), membrane (M), and envelope (E) proteins. The E and M proteins are found on the surface of the virion where they are anchored in the membrane. Mature E is glycosylated and contains functional domains responsible for cell surface attachment and intraendosomal fusion activities. Problems have arisen in the art with respect to producing recombinant forms of the E glycoprotein that retain their native configuration and attendant properties associated therewith (i.e., ability to induce neutralizing antibody responses).