Abstract: There is disclosed an electrochemical deblocking solution for use on an electrode microarray. There is further disclosed a method for electrochemical synthesis on an electrode array using the electrochemical deblocking solution. The solution and method are for removing acid-labile protecting groups for synthesis of oligonucleotides, peptides, small molecules, or polymers on a microarray of electrodes while substantially improving isolation of deblocking to active electrodes. The method comprises applying a voltage or a current to at least one electrode of an array of electrodes. The array of electrodes is covered by the electrochemical deblocking solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to heat cured binder systems comprising as separate Parts: Part I comprising (a) a soluble source of silica, (b) an alcohol, and preferably (c) a surfactant; and Part II comprising an alkali aluminate. The binder systems are mixed with a refractory to form a refractory mix. The resulting refractory mix is shaped and heated at an elevated temperature to form a cured refractory shape, particularly a preform. Heat is applied by warm air, baking in an oven, microwave, or preferably by hot-box equipment.

Abstract: This invention relates to heat curable alumino-silicate binder systems comprising as three separate parts (1) a soluble source of silica, (2) a caustic solution of an alkali silicate, and (3) aluminum silicate, and an alcohol which may be incorporated into (1), (2), or both. The binder systems are mixed with an aggregate to form a mix. The resulting mix is shaped and heated at an elevated temperature to form a cured shape, particularly foundry cores and molds. Heat is applied by warm air, baking in an oven, microwave, or preferably by hot-box equipment.