Abstract: A flue for use with an ultrasonic surgical tip, comprising protrusions or bumps on its inner surface with improved protrusion pattern, density and location. The flue has enhanced cooling effect for the ultrasonic surgical tip.

Abstract: A power supply for an electromagnetic force system comprising a slow current pulse system in parallel with a dumping circuit feeding a blocking inductor in parallel with a series of diodes; a fast current pulse system of opposing polarity and parallel to the slow current pulse system and blocking inductor, the fast pulse system including a triggered vacuum spark-gap for discharging the fast current pulse system through a working coil such that the current through the coil decreases rapidly and the magnetic field in the gap decreases substantially while the magnetic field in and behind the work piece decreases only slightly, resulting in a large field gradient across the work piece and the creation of a pulse of tension force on the work piece.

Abstract: A power supply for an electromagnetic force system comprising a slow current pulse system in parallel with a dumping circuit feeding a blocking inductor in parallel with a series of diodes; a fast current pulse system of opposing polarity and parallel to the slow current pulse system and blocking inductor, the fast pulse system including a triggered vacuum spark-gap for discharging the fast current pulse system through a working coil such that the current through the coil decreases rapidly and the magnetic field in the gap decreases substantially while the magnetic field in and behind the work piece decreases only slightly, resulting in a large field gradient across the work piece and the creation of a pulse of tension force on the work piece.

Abstract: A sensor unit is disclosed for use in monitoring in situ changes in dynamic and static stress properties of any material to be monitored, such as monolithic concrete or underground rock structures. The sensor unit includes a hollow, waterproof tubular body to be inserted into a cylindrical borehole in the material to be monitored. A transducer is mounted within the body, which by means of strain gauges, provides an output signal responsive to deflection of the sidewall of the borehole. The transducer is coupled to the sidewall by means of pressure buttons. A monitor is also disclosed, which comprises the sensor unit, a data collection unit and a data analyzing unit. A method for sensing dynamic and static changes in material stresses is also disclosed.