Abstract: An apparatus for charging a photoconductive surface to a substantially uniform potential in a printing machine having a cleaning station for cleaning the surface and an exposure station for exposing the surface to a light source includes a first mechanism for charging the surface to a substantially uniform potential of a first polarity after the surface is cleaned at the cleaning station. The apparatus further includes a second mechanism for charging the surface to a substantially uniform potential of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity after the surface is charged to the substantially uniform potential of the first polarity by the first charging mechanism and before the surface is exposed to the light source at the exposure station.

Abstract: Apparatus for cleaning residual toner from a charge retentive surface is provided with a rotating abrading brush, located upstream of a primary cleaner relative to a feeding direction of the charge retentive surface. The abrading brush contacts and abrades the charge retentive surface. The abrasion of the charge retentive surface reduces the friction between the charge retentive surface and a primary cleaner (which is preferably a cleaning blade biased against the charge retentive surface) and prevents the formation of comets (adhered toner particles) on the charge retentive surface.

Abstract: An apparatus in which a latent image is developed with magnetic developer material. A rotating applicator roll transports the developer material. A magnet is mounted rotatably interiorly of the applicator roll and generates a magnetic flux field which attracts the developer material to a portion of the surface of the applicator roll. The magnet rotates under the influence of the magnetic flux field force applied thereon. When the apparatus is developing the latent image, the magnet is prevented from rotating in a first position wherein the magnetic flux field attracts the developer material to the portion of the applicator roll adjacent the latent image. Conversely, when the apparatus is not developing the latent image, the magnet is prevented from rotating in a second position wherein the magnetic flux field attracts the developer material to the portion of the applicator roll spaced from the latent image.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved process for causing the development of electrostatic latent images on an imaging member comprising providing a development zone situated between a tensioned deflected flexible imaging member and a transporting member, adding conductive developer particles to the development zone comprised of toner particles and conductive magnetic carrier particles, causing the flexible imaging member to move at a speed of from about 5 cm/sec to about 80 cm/sec, causing the transporting member to move at a speed of from about 6 cm/sec to about 160 cm/sec, said flexible member and said transporting member moving at different speeds, maintaining a distance between the tensioned deflected flexible imaging member and the transporting member of from about 0.05 millimeters to about 1.

Abstract: An apparatus in which a developer roller transports developer material into contact with a photoconductive surface having either a continuous tone or a half-tone latent image recorded thereon. The speed of the developer roller is controlled so that it rotates at a higher speed when developing the continuous tone latent image than when developing the half-tone latent image. In this way, development is optimized for the continuous tone and half-tone latent images so as to produce high quality copies.

Abstract: An apparatus which develops a latent image recorded on a flexible member. Developer material is transported into contact with the flexible member in the development zone so as to develop the latent image. The flexible member is maintained at a pre-selected tension. As the developer material contacts the flexible member in the development zone, the flexible member deforms so as to conform, at least partially, to the developer material.

Abstract: An apparatus which develops a latent image recorded on a flexible member. Developer material is transported into contact with the flexible member in at least two development zones. The first development zone optimizes line development and the second development zone optimizes solid area development. At least in the second development zone, the flexible member is maintained at a preselected tension so that the developer material being transported into contact is compressed and deflects the flexible member thereabout.