Abstract: A nucleotide probe complex which enhances the ability to discriminate low level samples in electrochemiluminescent assays. The complex is composed of a platform molecule to which multiple copies of an organometallic electrochemiluminescent label and an oligonucleotide probe are separately attached. Preferably the complex is capped with streptavidin. Use of the complex permits detection of 1000 copies of analyte per sample in less than one hour.

Abstract: A nucleotide probe complex which enhances the ability to discriminate low level samples in electrochemiluminescent assays. The complex is composed of a platform molecule to which multiple copies of an organometallic electrochemiluminescent label and an oligonucleotide probe are separately attached. Preferably the complex is capped with streptavidin. Use of the complex permits detection of 1000 copies of analyte per sample in less than one hour.

Abstract: Antigens or antibodies are detected using a novel membrane based immunoassay. Known antigens or antibodies which will form complexes with antigens/antibodies to be assayed are spot filtered with pressure through a membrane. The membrane, either by itself or attached to a base material as a test strip, is incubated with a test fluid. Consequently, the resulting antibody-antigen complex is incubated directly or after an intermediate anti-antibody incubation with enzyme conjugated immunoglobulin and exposed to substrate which produces a colored insoluble product if the test target is present.

Abstract: A positive pressure blotting apparatus having a bottom section, at least middle section and a top section. A first volume of space is encompassed between the top section and the middle section. A positive pressure is maintained in the first volume of the apparatus. A second volume of space is encompassed between the middle section and the bottom section to capture eluate. An alignment means is used to align the top section to the middle section. A means is provided to apply positive pressure in the first volume. A hydropholic filter means for binding biological materials is positioned on or in the middle section, and a means is provided to secure the top, middle and bottom section together to form a pressure blotting apparatus.