Abstract: A system and method for maintaining data integrity in computer systems which have removable hard drives. The system and method of the present invention ensures that a disk drive which is reinserted into the computer system is the drive used to boot the operating system. When the computer system boots, the system reads the unique drive identification information from the hard drive and stores this identification information in memory for later use. Later, the computer system may be powered down or placed in a suspend state where the hard drive may be removed and a new drive inserted. When the computer system resumes and first requires access to the hard drive, the system and reads the drive identification information from the drive and compares the drive identification obtained from the drive with the drive identification information stored in memory at boot time.

Abstract: A system which builds an operating system-independent environment for executing utility programs is created by establishing a virtual drive that resides on a physical disk drive within the native file system of a native operating system. A virtual drive is a set of files on a physical disk drive that is configured to emulate a physical disk drive. The virtual drive can be deleted by a computer user and similarly can be re-established by the computer user. The virtual drive is bootable and activates an operating system that makes all system resources accessible to the utility programs and also allows the computer user to use the disk space that is allocated for the virtual drive, if desired.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for optimizing the location of machine-dependent code is disclosed. In a departure from the art, code for implementing an applications program interface (API) or other machine dependent program is divided into a system management mode (SMM) portion and a non-SMM portion, depending on whether the code needs to be implemented in a secure environment or not, respectively. In a preferred embodiment, the non-SMM portion of the API maintains a BIOS jump table comprising an indexed array of function addresses, and the SMM portion of the API maintains a parallel, but nonidentical, SMM jump table. For each API function that is to be executed in SMM, that is, for each function that must be executed in a secure environment, the indexed BIOS jump table entry calls an SMM interface (SMI) function, which initiates SMM by generating a system management interrupt and accesses the parallel SMM jump table.

Abstract: A portable computer including a chargeable battery and an AC line adapter controls the battery and adapter to emulate a full UPS-class device. A controller of the portable computer with the chargeable battery and the AC line adapter emulates the conventional operation of an uninterruptable power supply (UPS) and a serial cable connecting the UPS to the portable computer. The controller includes a software driver and Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) program code to emulate signals to and from the internal battery and the AC charger.

Abstract: Communication interface PCCards are commonly attached, both physically and electrically, to a notebook computer whether the communication interface PCCards are connected to a communication channel or disconnected from the communication channel. It has further been discovered that communication interface PCCards consume power when attached to the notebook computer and that power consumption is advantageously reduced and battery life extended by detecting when the communication channel is disconnected from the communication interface PCCard and terminating power supplied to the communication interface PCCard when the communication channel is disconnected. A power management method in a computer system having a PCCard connected to a communication channel includes detecting a disconnection of the communication channel from the PCCard and terminating power supplied to the PCCard in response to the detection of the disconnection of the communication channel.

Abstract: A conversion methodology utilizes increasing microprocessor performance characteristics and System Management Mode ("SMM") to provide transparent support of hardware components that include features unsupported by executing application and operating system programs. In one embodiment, a PC system includes code that supports only conventional but unavailable communication interfaces. However, the PC system is equipped with a universal serial bus ("USB") controller. Although the USB controller is unsupported by the executing code by the application and operating system programs, the conversion methodology utilizes system management mode to facilitate transparent support for the USB controller. In SMM, a CPU executes SMM code independently of the operating system(s). The conversion methodology causes entry of SMM upon any I/O operation intended for the supported but unavailable conventional communication interfaces.

Abstract: A computer system having a central processing unit ("CPU"), a main memory divisible into allocable units, a secondary storage unit and an operating system for allocating the allocable units to tasks for use thereby is provided with a suspend circuit for creating an optimized compressed image of data in the main memory.

Abstract: A method and system of operating a power-managed computer system monitors the life cycle of a hard disk drive attached to the computer system and extends the life span of the hard disk drive by reducing the rate at which hard disk drive spin-up cycles are initiated when the hard drive reaches a predetermined stage it life cycle. Software routines which activate or spin-up the hard drive are extended in capability to read the hard drive serial number and record the serial number in a non-volatile memory in conjunction with an incrementing counter. The incrementing counter counts the number of times the hard drive has been activated from the time of installation of the hard drive. The count of spin-up occurrences is indicative of the operating age of the disk drive. A plurality of age levels are defined, for example medium, old and ancient levels so that, when the hard drive spin-up count reaches one of the defined levels, the power management system changes the operation of the hard drive power management.

Abstract: An essential utility routine accesses a protected computer system component by making a call to a coprocessor that performs a desired function to avoid security measures imposed by an operating system. Various suitable coprocessors include an additional coprocessor connected to a host processor running the operating system imposing the security measures such as a coprocessor on a add-in card to a computer system, a microcontroller, or a system management mode (SMM) program running on the host processor. The essential utility operates on a computer system having a processor operating under an operating system and a storage. The operating system includes software which limits access to the storage. The utility includes a coprocessor, a software interface and a utility routine. The coprocessor is connected to the storage and operative independent of the operating system for accessing the storage.

Abstract: An emulation methodology utilizes increasing microprocessor performance characteristics and System Management Mode ("SMM") to emulate peripheral device functions in a computer system. The emulation methodology traps addresses associated with I/O between a CPU and one or more peripheral devices. After trapping the I/O instruction address, a system management interrupt issues, and the computer system enters the operating system independent SMM. The CPU executes SMM code which proceeds to pass instructions to the CPU which result in the complete or partial emulation of a peripheral device. When the peripheral device is completely emulated, it can be replaced, for example, with a less expensive, less functional component or possibly even eliminated without substitution. The emulation methodology also responds to asynchronous peripheral device user activity by again trapping an I/O instruction to the peripheral device, and using SMM code to emulate the peripheral device.

Abstract: A system uses a suspend-to-disk operation to save the total processor state of a computer system. With the processor state saved, utility programs such as diagnostic and setup routines, which access to all computer system resources, are executed without the need to reload executing applications or reboot the native operating system controlling the computer system prior to activating the suspend-to-disk operation.

Abstract: A method of securing CD-ROM data for exclusive retrieval by a specified computer system includes the steps of ordering a computer system designating a selected hardware configuration and selected software components and procuring the selected hardware. A hardware identifier is then associated to the selected hardware. The method further includes the step of producing a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) containing software program files corresponding to the selected software components. This step includes the substeps of encrypting the software program files using the hardware identifier as an encryption key and writing the encrypted software program files to the CD-ROM.

Abstract: System management mode (SMM) is utilized, despite operating system security measures, by furnishing a polled interface for SMM. When an application program is to make an XBIOS call, the application program posts an XBIOS request in a storage. SMM is activated periodically by a timer and, during activation, checks the storage for XBIOS requests. When an XBIOS request is posted, SMM processes the request XBIOS command and leaves a response from the XBIOS call in the storage. The application program, which continually loops, monitors the storage and detects replacement of the XBIOS request by the XBIOS result to realize completion of an XBIOS call.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for transparently executing in a graphical operating system environment a battery gauge utility that provides accurate battery status information adaptable to different users' needs. In a preferred embodiment, a software battery gauge of the present invention utilizes the primary display of a PC on which it is executing to present information on the exact current charge status of each of one or more batteries of the PC without relying on the presence of a Microsoft/Intel Advanced Power Management driver and compatible BIOS and without continually impinging on the APM or XBIOS interfaces to derive such status information. The battery gauge interfaces with a user through a user interface comprising an animated graphical status indicator and a textual status indicator, which display battery status information continuously such that changes therein can be immediately and conveniently perceived by a user.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for enabling a suspend-to-disk (S2D) state to be associated with a hard disk to which the operations of a personal computer (PC) have been suspended, rather than with the PC itself. In a preferred embodiment, responsive to initiation of an S2D operation, a partition table stored in a partition sector of the hard disk is copied to a known address within an S2D partition of the hard disk and the copy of the partition table stored in the partition sector is altered such that the S2D partition, rather than a native operating system (OS) partition, is designated as the active partition. The S2D operations continue in a conventional manner, with the state of the PC being saved to the hard disk, at which point the PC is powered off. When the PC is subsequently powered back on, the PC boots up from the S2D partition. A resume-from-disk (RFD) program writes the copy of the partition table previously stored in the S2D partition back to the partition sector and then restores the state of the PC.

Abstract: A portable computer is provided in which the consumption of power by the I/O ports of the computer is reduced. The processor of the computer distinguishes port I/O operations that require an actual data transfer from port I/O operations that do not require an actual data transfer. The I/O ports of the computer remain off until an I/O operation involving an actual data transfer at a particular port is required. When an I/O operation which requires an actual data transfer is encountered, then the appropriate port is powered up. In this manner, power consumption by the I/O ports of the computer is significantly reduced. Advantageously, the disclosed technique for reducing power consumption by the I/O ports of the computer is operating system independent. In this manner, the power management feature functions regardless of which particular operating system or application software is installed on the computer.

Abstract: A computer system is provided with the capability of protecting portions of the mass storage media therein from unauthorized access. The mechanism employed to protect portions of the mass storage media is advantageously operating system independent. Thus, the protection mechanism functions regardless of what operating system is installed or what particular application software is presently being executed. More particularly, the computer system includes a processor configured to execute code in an operational mode and in a system management mode. A mass storage device and a memory are coupled to the processor. At least one region of the mass storage device is designated as a protected region by the user or by the manufacturer. The computer system is configured to trap mass storage device I/O operations and, in response to a trapped mass storage device I/O operation, the processor enters a system management mode.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for automatically increasing the visibility of an LCD during warm-up thereof is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the system of the present invention comprises brightness control circuitry electrically connected to an LCD panel of a portable personal computer (PC) or other battery operated electronic device for controlling the brightness level of the LCD. The brightness control circuitry is also electrically connected to receive a signal indicative of a brightness control level selected by a user using a user-settable control means, such as a brightness control knob located on the device. In operation, on power up of the LCD, the brightness control circuitry increases the LCD brightness to a maximum level, regardless of the brightness level selected by the user. Once the LCD has warmed up, the brightness control circuitry decreases the brightness level of the LCD to the level selected by the user.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing operating system independent support for mixed voltage devices, particularly PC card controllers. In one aspect of the invention, a system management mode ("SMM") of the processor of a PC is used to detect the proper voltage of a PC card inserted in a PC card slot and then to set the voltage level of the PC card controller appropriately. In one embodiment, SMM is entered responsive to detection that the operating system is setting up the registers of the PC card controller by writes to a particular I/O address. In another embodiment, SMM is entered responsive to detection of insertion of a PC card into a PC card slot. In any event, because SMM is operating system independent, the mixed voltage capability of the PC card controller will be supported regardless of whether the operating system installed on the PC supports such functionality.

Abstract: A system for reducing the amount of power consumed by a battery operated computer device is disclosed. A microcontroller continuously monitors the activity of at least one I/O device and sets an activity state variable (ASV) associated with the I/O device accordingly. Upon each the expiration of a preselected time period, the microcontroller examines the state of the ASV to determine whether the I/O device was active during the expired time period. If so, the I/O device is caused to operate in a full power mode; otherwise, the I/O device is caused to operate in a reduced power consumption mode. In one embodiment, the I/O device is capable of operating in more than one reduced power consumption mode, in which case, responsive to a determination that the I/O device was not active during the expired time period, the I/O device is caused to operate in the next lowest power consumption mode.