Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of inducing paralysis or neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and recovery therefrom comprising administering an effective amount of at least RP1000 or RP2000 to a human patient under anesthesia.

Abstract: This application describes methods of making and using physiological cysteine solutions useful for reversing a neuromuscular blockade caused by a cysteine-reversible neuromuscular blockade agent, that overcomes problems of cysteine precipitation and dimerization.

Abstract: We describe ultra-short, short, and intermediate duration neuromuscular blocking compounds, reversible by cysteine or similar compounds, that are bisquaternary diesters of chlorofumaric, fumaric, or maleic acids where the quaternary groups are very different, creating a highly asymmetrical molecule where one quaternary includes an isoquinolinium ring system and the other includes a morpholinium, piperidinium, piperazinium, or pyrrolidinium system, pharmaceutical compositions, methods to use such compounds and compositions, and kits.

Abstract: We describe ultra-short, short, and intermediate duration neuromuscular blocking compounds, reversible by cysteine or similar compounds, that are bisquaternary diesters of chlorofumaric, fumaric, or maleic acids where the quaternary groups are very different, creating a highly asymmetrical molecule where one quaternary includes an isoquinolinium ring system and the other includes a morpholinium, piperidinium, piperazinium, or pyrrolidinium system, pharmaceutical compositions, methods to use such compounds and compositions, and kits.

Abstract: The invention provides neuromuscular blockade agents of the non-depolarizing type with few if any circulatory effects. Compounds of the invention include bis(isoquinolylalkanol) diesters of fumaric, maleic, succinic, and acetylenedicarboxylic acids; compositions suitable for parenteral administration of these compounds as a surgical adjunct to anesthesia, and methods of preparation of the compounds. Compounds of the invention can produce neuromuscular blockade of short or intermediate duration, which for various compounds can be reversed by administration of a thiol compound such as L-cysteine, D-cysteine or glutathione. For various compounds of the invention, the neuromuscular blockade effect can be reversed quickly, efficiently, and without notable side-effects.

Abstract: This application describes methods of making and using physiological cysteine solutions useful for reversing a neuromuscular blockade caused by a cysteine-reversible neuromuscular blockade agent, that overcomes problems of cysteine precipitation and dimerization.

Abstract: The invention provides neuromuscular blockade agents of the non-depolarizing type with few if any circulatory effects. Compounds of the invention include bis(isoquinolylalkanol) diesters of fumaric, maleic, succinic, and acetylenedicarboxylic acids; compositions suitable for parenteral administration of these compounds as a surgical adjunct to anesthesia, and methods of preparation of the compounds. Compounds of the invention can produce neuromuscular blockade of short or intermediate duration, which for various compounds can be reversed by administration of a thiol compound such as L-cysteine, D-cysteine or glutathione. For various compounds of the invention, the neuromuscular blockade effect can be reversed quickly, efficiently, and without notable side-effects.

Abstract: The invention provides novel neuromuscular blocking agents, methods of using the neuromuscular blocking agents as well as reagents, methods and kits for reversing the effects of the neuromuscular blocking agents.

Abstract: The invention provides novel neuromuscular blocking agents, methods of using the neuromuscular blocking agents as well as reagents, methods and kits for reversing the effects of the neuromuscular blocking agents.

Abstract: Cellulosic biomass at the growing site is pulverized and hydrolyzed in collectors which transfer the comminuted biomass into pretreatment units. In the pretreatment units enzymes and/or other agents are added to the pretreatment units to disassociate the lignin from the cellulose and hemicellulose, and to further decompose the biomass to simple sugars. The sugar solution is transferred to a fermentation unit and fermenting microorganisms are added to produce ethanol. Preferably vegetable oil or other ethanol-miscible liquid is added to provide a medium to extract the ethanol from the solution for transfer to a device where heating or distillation removes the ethanol which is collected for use as a liquid fuel. All of the units are preferably mounted for easy deployment to various locations in the vicinity of the numerous growing sites which produce the biomass.

Abstract: Neuromuscular blocking agents of formula (1) which are useful as skeletal muscle relaxants during surgery are disclosed. ##STR1## and X is an anion, preferably pharmaceutically acceptable.

Abstract: Intermediate-duration reversible neuromuscular blocking agents of the formula (I) ##STR1## where B and C are preferably para or may be meta and are each ##STR2## where W is CH.sub.2 or most preferably CH.dbd.CH R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are each hydrogen or lower alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably methoxy, Y is lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably methyl, Z is hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, or ##STR3## where ALKYL has 1 to 4 carbon atoms preferably where the O-ALKYL is at the 2, 3, 4 or 5 positions such as 4-methoxy benzyl and is most preferably 3,4-dimethoxy benzyl or 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl, n is 2, 3 or 4, most preferably 2 or 3 provided that at least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is lower alkoxy and most preferably where R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are methoxy and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion.

Abstract: Short acting reversible neuromuscular blocking agents of the formula (I) ##STR1## where B and C is preferably meta or maybe para ##STR2## where m is 2, 3 or 4 and is preferably 2,R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are the same or different and are hydrogen or lower alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atomsY is lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atomsn is 2, 3 or 4, most preferably 3, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 and one of R.sub.5 to R.sub.7 is lower alkoxy and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion. These neuromuscular blocking agents of formula I are useful upon administration to a patient in providing muscular relaxation in the patient during surgery and are normally intravenously administered in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.