Abstract: The Alkcell (alkali-cellulase) Process is a method for the conversion of biomass (cellulosic material) such as agricultural waste, for example, corn stover into glucose. The process uses an alkali pretreatment of biomass followed by hydrolysis with cellulase enzymes to produce glucose. The Alkcell Process uses commonly available materials and methods readily implemented near the biomass growing site. The operating conditions are mild with temperatures not above boiling water solutions, and require half-day conversion to produce glucose in water. Remaining solids can be recycled for additional glucose. An advantage of the Alkcell Process is implementation at or near the biomass growing site that avoids transporting biomass distances to special cellulose processing facilities. The glucose produced can be fermented at existing grain fermenting facilities so that special cellulose handling refineries are not required.

Abstract: Ultrashort acting neuromuscular blocking agents of Formula (I) which are useful as skeletal muscle relaxants during emergency intubation procedures, routine surgery and post-operative settings are disclosed, wherein: X is a halogen; h is from 1 to 2; Y is hydrogen or methoxy; Z1 and Z2 are methyl; W1 and W2 are carbon; and A is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion.

Abstract: Ultra short acting neuromuscular blocking agents of Formula (I) which are useful as skeletal muscle relaxants during emergency intubation procedures, routine surgery and post-operative settings are disclosed, wherein q and t are independently from 0 to 4; X1 and X2 are independently halogen; ha and hb are independenity from 0 to 2; Z1 and Z2 are indepentdently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl or C2-6 alkynyl with the proviso that Z1 and Z2 are not both hydrogen; Y1, Y2, and Y3 and Y4 are independently hydrogen, halogen or C1-3 alkoxy; m and p are independently 1 to 6; n and r are independently 0 to 4; with the proviso the if ha and hb are both 0, then r is 0 and n is 0 to 2; R1 to R14 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-3 alkoxy, or R2 and R3 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, R5 and R6 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, R9 and R10 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, R12 and R13 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, may