Abstract: The present invention concerns an optical coupling device including at least one supporting layer comprising a first support wall and a second support wall. The at least one supporting layer comprises at least one bridging waveguide for coupling electromagnetic radiation to and from an optical resonator or optical device, the at least one bridging waveguide extending between the first support wall and the second support wall.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an optical coupling device including at least one supporting layer comprising a first support wall and a second support wall. The at least one supporting layer comprises at least one bridging waveguide for coupling electromagnetic radiation to and from an optical resonator or optical device, the at least one bridging waveguide extending between the first support wall and the second support wall.

Abstract: A roof planter comprising growth media capable of sustaining a desired vegetation, a sack retaining a quantity of the growth media, the sack being formed of moisture permeable material that is capable of retaining the growth media, the sack having an opening capable of accepting the growth media, and a pad in association with the sack and capable of separating the sack from the top of a roof. When the desired vegetation is planted in the growth media being retained by the sack, and the pad is positioned between the sack and the roof, the vegetation may grow in the sack on the roof without causing damage to the roof.