Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems are described for stent delivery and positioning to cover an access site. A stent delivery system may include a tubular member configured to advance through an access site and a primary constrainment member configured to releasably couple the stent to the tubular member. The stent delivery system may further include a secondary constrainment member at least partially disposed around the primary constrainment member, the stent, and the tubular member. In some cases, the tubular member and the primary constrainment member may be configured to reposition the stent within the body lumen after removal of the secondary constrainment member such that at least a portion of the stent covers the access site after withdrawal of the tubular member, the primary constrainment member, and the secondary constrainment member from the body lumen through the access site.

Abstract: A humidifier system for a vehicle passenger cabin includes an onboard humidifier, an onboard reservoir in fluid communication with the humidifier and adapted to collect a fluid from a vehicle heat exchanger, and a controller configured to determine at least a passenger cabin relative humidity value and a dew point value for at least one vehicle window. The controller is configured to actuate the onboard humidifier to provide a humidified airflow into the passenger cabin, and to actuate a window heating system to heat the at least one vehicle window sufficiently to prevent or remove fogging resulting from the humidified airflow. Methods for controlling the humidifier system are described.

Abstract: A humidifier system for a vehicle passenger cabin includes an onboard humidifier, an onboard reservoir in fluid communication with the humidifier and adapted to collect a fluid from a vehicle heat exchanger, and a controller configured to determine at least a passenger cabin relative humidity value and a dew point value for at least one vehicle window. The controller is configured to actuate the onboard humidifier to provide a humidified airflow into the passenger cabin, and to actuate a window heating system to heat the at least one vehicle window sufficiently to prevent or remove fogging resulting from the humidified airflow. Methods for controlling the humidifier system are described.

Abstract: Castanospermine mono- and di-esters and glycosides active as inhibitors of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and useful in treating diabetes are described herein. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of castanospermine with an appropriate acid halide or anhydride or with an appropriate glycosyl halide or glycosyl acetimidate under conditions which would favor the isolation of the mono- and di-esterified and glycosylated products. Various blocking groups, which can be selectively removed under mild conditions, can also be used to favor the formation of certain isomers.

Abstract: A procedure for the mild conversion of a carbonitrile to the corresponding carboxylic acid by first using trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of mercuric ion followed by oxidative hydrolysis with dinitrogen tetroxide is described herein. The use of this procedure in the preparation of 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-benzoyl-2,6-dideoxy-2,6-imino-D-glycero-L-gulo-heptitol hydrochloride is also described here.

Abstract: 2-Phenylpyrano[2,3-b]pyridines are described herein. These compounds are active against a variety of viruses. A number of procedures can be used to prepare the compounds of this invention but, at some point, they would all make use of the cyclization of a (phenyl) (pyridyl)propanol or (phenyl) (pyridyl)propenol.

Abstract: Novel (((substituted-phenyl)methyl)amino)benzenesulfonic acids having antiviral activity are disclosed. Compounds within the scope of the invention have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, acetyl, methylthio, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, benzoyl, substituted benzoyl, aminosulfonyl or halogen; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, amino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, acetyl, methylthio, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, benzoyl, substituted benzoyl, aminosulfonyl or halogen. The invention also includes the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of the novel (((substituted-phenyl)methyl)amino)benzenesulfonic acids. Methods of using the compounds as antiviral agents are also disclosed, as well as compositions which comprise a carrier in combination with a suitable antiviral active compound.

Abstract: Novel 4-bis((phenylmethyl)amino)benzenesulfonic acids and their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts are described. The compounds exhibit antiviral activity. Methods of using the compounds as antiviral agents are disclosed and also pharmaceutically-acceptable compositions.

Abstract: A series of 2-chloro-3-phenoxypyrazines and 2-chloro-6-phenoxypyrazines exhibiting antiviral activity are disclosed. Methods of using the disclosed compounds as antiviral agents are also described as well as pharmaceutically-acceptable compositions.