Abstract: A pepper mill is provided with an end closure for releasably closing the outfeed opening of the pepper mill against unintentional discharge of ground pepper therefrom. The closure apparatus of this invention is configured as a mechanically operated shield, either integral with a removably attachable to the outfeed end of the pepper mill, the shield serving to selectively permit or prevent passage of ground pepper out of the mill.

Abstract: A pair of spaced, resiliently tired wheels are mounted on a base for axial rotation in a common plane, the spacing between the wheels being less than the diameter of a ball to be thrown and the rotational speed of each wheel being adjustable independently of the other. The base is supported on a universal mounting ball by means of a socket located on the base at the center of gravity of the assembly of base and components supported thereon. The universal mounting ball is supported at the upper end of an angularly bent support arm, whereby to afford angular adjustment of the rotational plane of the wheels infinitely in all directions about the common pivot of the mounting ball, between horizontal and vertical positions. Electrical controls are provided for controlling the speed of rotation of the coacting wheels.

Abstract: One of a pair of laterally spaced ball projecting wheels is adjustable laterally with respect to the other for accommodating the projecting of balls of different diameters, and a ball feed chute associated with the wheels is formed in lateral segments one of which is movable laterally with the laterally adjustable wheel for varying the width of the feed chute to correspond with the spacing between the wheels.

Abstract: A ball is delivered into the constricted space between, and thereby gripped frictionally by, a fixed pad and a confronting surface of a wheel which is driven at a speed predetermined to propel the ball therefrom at a selected velocity. The line on which the ball is propelled between the pad and wheel is adjustable about a horizontal axis and the speed of the wheel is variable so as to adjust the trajectory of the thrown ball. Further, the pad may be mounted above or below the wheel to reverse the spin on the ball and thus afford a variety of practice conditions.

Abstract: A football is projected with rotation on its longitudinal axis, in the manner of a forward pass, when it is fed into the space between, and thereby gripped frictionally by, the laterally spaced, confronting surfaces of a pair of driven wheels which confronting surfaces move in a forward, football throwing direction but in planes which extend forward angularly to opposite sides of the line on which the football is projected, the planes forming an included acute angle with each other. The speed and direction of football rotation may be varied by adjusting said angular relationship, and the speed of forward projection of the football may be varied by adjusting the rotational speed of the wheels. By adjusting said confronting surfaces to a common plane and feeding a football into the space therebetween such that said surfaces grip the football below its longitudinal centerline, the football is projected therefrom with rotation on its transverse axis, in the manner of an end-over-end kick-off.

Abstract: A ball is delivered into the constricted space between, and thereby gripped frictionally by, a fixed pad and a confronting surface of a wheel which is driven at a speed predetermined to propel the ball therefrom at a selected velocity. The line on which the ball is propelled between the pad and wheel is adjustable about a horizontal axis and the speed of the wheel is variable so as to adjust the trajectory of the thrown ball. Further, the pad may be mounted above or below the wheel to reverse the spin on the ball and thus afford a variety of practice conditions.