Abstract: The present disclosure relates to purification cassettes that have reinforcing features. One embodiment relates to a purification cassette with tensions members. A purification system may include a removable cassette defining a media cavity. A set of tension members may span between a first sidewall and second sidewall. The set of tension members can divide the media cavity into a plurality of lanes.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein can introduce low amounts of gas in a liquid with fast response time and low variation in concentration. In one embodiment, a gas is directed into an inlet on a gas contacting side of a porous element of a contactor and a liquid is directed into an inlet on a liquid contacting side of the porous element of the contactor. The liquid contacting side and the gas contacting side are separated by the porous element and a housing. The gas is removed from an outlet on the gas contacting side of the porous element at a reduced pressure compared to the pressure of the gas flowing into the inlet of the contactor. A liquid containing a portion of the gas transferred into the liquid is removed from an outlet on the liquid contacting side of the porous element, producing a dilute bubble free solution.