Abstract: A method is disclosed wherein a social media feed is provided comprising messages related to communication about topics, the communication about the topics linked in a structure for forming a conversation. The social media feed is clustered to identify messages within the social media feed that are related one to another to form clusters of the messages. Sets of partisans are provided relating to a first cluster from the clusters of the messages. Then, for the first cluster, a ratio of messages transmitted by each of the at least two sets of partisans is determined and the ratio indicates a winner of the first cluster. Based on the winner and a ratio of non-partisan actors who transmitted messages within the first cluster, an effect of the first cluster upon sentiment of a population is measured.

Abstract: A method and system for evaluating likely causal correlations between input data and output results of an artificial intelligence (AI) system identifies a plurality of features within each of a set of input data provided to the AI system. Each of the determined plurality of features is mapped to each input value of a set of input values and to the output result associated with each input value to form a matrix. From the matrix are removed at least some of the plurality of features that are not causal for the AI system determining the output results. Removal of at least some of the plurality of features that are not causal for the AI system determining the output results is repeated. When an end condition occurs, a resulting set of features that are each more likely to be causal than the plurality of features is provided as output causal data.

Abstract: A representative sample of an online social network is formed by performing a deterministic process that coalesces to indicate success. A random value is selected for seeding the process. Based on the random value, the process is executed and once the process coalesces, a proper sampling of the online social network results.

Abstract: A representative sample of an online social network is formed by performing a deterministic process that coalesces to indicate success. A random value is selected for seeding the process. Based on the random value, the process is executed and once the process coalesces, a proper sampling of the online social network results.

Abstract: A representative sample of an online social network is formed by performing a deterministic process that coalesces to indicate success. A random value is selected for seeding the process. Based on the random value, the process is executed and once the process coalesces, a proper sampling of the online social network results.

Abstract: All optical clock recovery includes a transmitter for generating an optical timing signal. The transmitter includes a semiconductor laser for the production of a dynamically synchronizable timing signal, the laser having an external resonator for feedback of the timing signal to the laser, the feedback having a delay time greater than a relaxation oscillation time for the laser, and the laser outputting an optical timing signal having a characteristic dynamic. The transmitter supplies the optical timing signal to a receiver configured to receive the timing signal and to synchronize to the laser on receipt of the timing signal, such that the receiver outputs a recovered timing signal having the characteristic dynamic.

Abstract: All optical clock recovery includes a transmitter for generating an optical timing signal. The transmitter includes a semiconductor laser for the production of a dynamically synchronizable timing signal, the laser having an external resonator for feedback of the timing signal to the laser, the feedback having a delay time greater than a relaxation oscillation time for the laser, and the laser outputting an optical timing signal having a characteristic dynamic. The transmitter supplies the optical timing signal to a receiver configured to receive the timing signal and to synchronize to the laser on receipt of the timing signal, such that the receiver outputs a recovered timing signal having the characteristic dynamic.

Abstract: Increasing the gain-coupling of a DFB directly modulated semiconductor laser permits the output response to be overdamped without lowering the relaxation oscillation frequency of the output. The overdamping permits the laser to operate at modulation frequencies which approach the relaxation oscillation frequency with satisfactory error performance. The performance improvement is sufficient to permit operation of the laser in an uncooled environment.

Abstract: Increasing the gain-coupling of a DFB directly modulated semiconductor laser permits the output response to be overdamped without lowering the relaxation oscillation frequency of the output. The overdamping permits the laser to operate at modulation frequencies which approach the relaxation oscillation frequency with satisfactory error performance. The performance improvement is sufficient to permit operation of the laser in an uncooled environment.

Abstract: All optical clock recovery includes a transmitter for generating an optical timing signal. The transmitter includes a semiconductor laser for the production of a dynamically synchronizable timing signal, the laser having an external resonator for feedback of the timing signal to the laser, the feedback having a delay time greater than a relaxation oscillation time for the laser, and the laser outputting an optical timing signal having a characteristic dynamic. The transmitter supplies the optical timing signal to a receiver configured to receive the timing signal and to synchronize to the laser on receipt of the timing signal, such that the receiver outputs a recovered timing signal having the characteristic dynamic.