Abstract: An apparatus is described that includes a combined drive and termination circuit programmable to interface to DDR2 and DDR3 memory modules. In an exemplary embodiment the apparatus includes a combined output/termination driver, an input driver and a calibration subsystem. The combined output/termination driver includes a number of pull-up circuits and a number of pull-down circuits. One of the pull-up circuits presents a fixed output impedance. The rest of the pull-up circuits have an impedance programmable between two desired impedance values. One of the pull-down circuits presents a fixed output impedance. The rest of the pull-down circuits have an impedance programmable between two desired impedance values. The necessary number of pull-up circuits and pull-down circuits is activated in order to provide a desired driving and termination circuit such as to interface to specific impedance values as defined by the DDR2 and DDR3 interface protocol.

Abstract: An apparatus is described that includes a combined drive and termination circuit programmable to interface to DDR2 and DDR3 memory modules. In an exemplary embodiment the apparatus includes a combined output/termination driver, an input driver and a calibration subsystem. The combined output/termination driver includes a number of pull-up circuits and a number of pull-down circuits. One of the pull-up circuits presents a fixed output impedance. The rest of the pull-up circuits have an impedance programmable between two desired impedance values. One of the pull-down circuits presents a fixed output impedance. The rest of the pull-down circuits have an impedance programmable between two desired impedance values. The necessary number of pull-up circuits and pull-down circuits is activated in order to provide a desired driving and termination circuit such as to interface to specific impedance values as defined by the DDR2 and DDR3 interface protocol.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter for converting an initial analog signal into a digital signal comprising at least one electronic module with an input, a first output, and a second output, which module generates from an analog input signal: a first output signal, which first output signal in terms of multiples of a predetermined amount of current or voltage, such as 1 uA or 1 mV, is substantially equal to the integer quotient of division of the input signal by a number or comprises a plurality of signals which if combined are substantially equal to the integer quotient of division of the input signal in terms of multiples of a predetermined amount of current or voltage, and a second output signal which in terms of multiples of a predetermined amount of current or voltage, such as 1 uA or 1 mV, is substantially equal to the remainder of the division, the analog to digital converter also comprising a further analog to digital converter for converting the second output signal into a digital signal, wherein the fur

Abstract: A device is provided comprising an intelligent optical network linecard. An intelligent optical linecard can utilize localized processing that facilitates scaling, enables switching in the optical domain, promotes management of dissimilar networks, provides the ability for bandwidth allocation on demand and in general can interface and utilize optical control plane signaling to dynamically control linecard functions.