Abstract: A capacitor includes a container, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a fluid electrolyte. The positive electrode comprises a metal substrate and an active material provided in contact with the metal substrate, the active material comprising at least one of poly (ethylene 3,4-dioxythiophene) and a titanate.

Abstract: An improved capacitor with an anode with an anode wire and an oxide layer on the surface of the anode. A cathode layer is exterior to the oxide layer. A carbon conductive layer is exterior to the cathode layer wherein the cathode layer comprises 5-75 wt % resin and 25-95 wt % conductor. The conductor has carbon nanotubes. An anode lead is in electrical contact with the anode wire and a cathode lead is in electrical contact with the carbon conductive layer.

Abstract: An improved capacitor with an anode with an anode wire and an oxide layer on the surface of the anode. A cathode layer is exterior to the oxide layer. A carbon conductive layer is exterior to the cathode layer wherein the cathode layer comprises 5-75 wt % resin and 25-95 wt % conductor. The conductor has carbon nanotubes. An anode lead is in electrical contact with the anode wire and a cathode lead is in electrical contact with the carbon conductive layer.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrolytic capacitor includes a substrate comprising titanium; a carbide layer adjacent the substrate; and a carbonaceous layer adjacent the carbide layer and including means for enhancing the capacitance of the electrode.

Abstract: A therapeutic medical device system comprising an electrolytic capacitor including an anode, cathode and an electrolyte. The anode is anodized in an electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution of alkanol amine, phosphoric acid and an organic solvent preferably defined by formula 1: CH3—(OCH2CH2)m—OCH3 ??Formula 1 wherein m is an integer from 3 to 10.

Abstract: A capacitor comprising an aluminum anode and a dielectric layer comprising phosphate doped aluminum oxide and process for making the capacitor. Furthermore, the capacitor is formed by the process of: forming an aluminum plate; pre-hydrating the aluminum; contacting the plate with an anodizing solution comprising glycerine, 0.1 to 1.0%, by weight, water and 0.01 to 0.5%, by weight, orthophosphate; applying a voltage to the aluminum plate and determining an initial current; maintaining the first voltage until a first measured current is no more than 50% of the initial current; increasing the voltage and redetermining the initial current; maintaining the increased voltage until a second measured current is no more than 50% of the redetermined initial current, and continuing the increasing of the voltage and maintaining the increased voltage until a final voltage is achieved.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for anodizing a metal and a capacitor comprising the anodized metal. The electrolyte comprises more than about 5%, by weight, and less than about 30%, by weight, water; about 0.1 to 20%, by weight, ionogen and an aprotic polar solvent. The ionogen comprises phosphoric acid and an alkanol amine in an amount, and ratio, sufficient to maintain a pH of about 4 to about 9.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for anodizing a metal and a capacitor comprising the anodized metal. The electrolyte comprises more than about 5%, by weight, and less than about 30%, by weight, water; about 0.1 to 20%, by weight, ionogen and an aprotic polar solvent. The ionogen comprises phosphoric acid and an alkanol amine in an amount, and ratio, sufficient to maintain a pH of about 4 to about 9.

Abstract: A capacitor comprising an aluminum anode and a dielectric layer comprising phosphate doped aluminum oxide and process for making the capacitor. The capacitor has a CV Product of at least 9 ?F-V/cm2 at 250 volts. Furthermore, the capacitor is formed by the process of: forming an aluminum plate; contacting the plate with an anodizing solution comprising glycerine, 0.1 to 1.0%, by weight, water and 0.01 to 0.5%, by weight, orthophosphate; applying a voltage to the aluminum plate and determining an initial current; maintaining the first voltage until a first measured current is no more than 50% of the initial current; increasing the voltage and redetermining the initial current; maintaining the increased voltage until a second measured current is no more than 50% of the redetermined initial current, and continuing the increasing of the voltage and maintaining the increased voltage until a final voltage is achieved.

Abstract: An electrode for a capacitor, such as an electrolytic capacitor, includes a substrate comprising a metal. A carbide layer is provided adjacent the substrate, and a layer of material comprising an oxide of manganese is provided adjacent the carbide layer. According to one embodiment, the layer of material may also comprise activated carbon. The capacitor may be configured for use with a variety of devices, including implantable medical devices.

Abstract: An anodizing solution, and method of anodizing, comprising suspending at least one aluminium substrate in an anodizing solution and applying an anodizing current to the anodizing solution. The anodizing solution comprises 0.01-5%, by weight, sodium silicate and 0.01-5%, by weight, ?-amino acid.

Abstract: A pyrolysis oven provides uniform pyrolytic coatings on capacitor anodes. An oven chamber contains cross-flow blowers situated to provide uniform laminar flow of oven atmosphere over the objects to be treated. The top and side walls of the chamber meet in an inverted V such that when the blower operate, a vortex is created in the inverted V in the chamber.

Abstract: The metal oxide surface coating of an anodized valve metal may be made conductive under certain conditions so that conductive coatings can be electrolytically deposited on the surface of the oxide. When a dry polar aprotic electrolyte solution is used at a reduced temperature and a relatively high field is applied, the oxide ceases to be insulative. The process is reversible, meaning that there is no permanent change in the oxide.