Abstract: A heater, particularly for emergency use in a car or other vehicles is designed to use solid paraffin wax fuel. The heater has a housing containing a combustion chamber and burner. A vent duct is angled outwardly from the housing and both provides combustion air and permits exhaust of combustion products. The vent duct can be inserted through a window opening in a vehicle so that interior air is not consumed or contaminated when the heater is in operation.

Abstract: A pulse combustion apparatus in which combustion air is brought into heat exchange relationship with the exhaust system of the apparatus for preheating the combustion air prior to entering the combustion chamber. In a preferred embodiment this is achieved by passing the combustion air through a space between an exhaust cushion chamber of the exhaust system and a housing which encloses the chamber.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to pulse combustion apparatus generally and to air furnaces of the pulse combustion type. In one aspect, the invention provides a furnace which includes a combustion chamber and an exhaust system disposed in a passageway for air to be heated. The exhaust system includes a primary exhaust pipe, a manifold to which the primary exhaust pipe is coupled, and a plurality of heat exchange pipes which extend from the manifold across the air passageway. The primary exhaust pipe, manifold and heat exchange pipes form a reasonant system with the combustion chamber so that the ignition of successive fuel charges in the chamber causes pressure waves to oscillate throughout said exhaust system including the heat exchange pipes for promoting transfer of heat from the pipes to air flowing through the passageway in use.

Abstract: A pulse combustion heater is described and includes a combustion chamber and at least one exhaust pipe forming a resonant system with a chamber. In one aspect of the invention, the combustion chamber has an internal cavity of flattened spherical shape which causes combustion gases returning to the combustion chamber to flow into said cavity in a double toroidal flow pattern. In another aspect, the apparatus has an exhaust system which includes a primary exhaust pipe of a length selected so that combustion of gases is at least substantially complete before the gases leave the pipe. The pipe terminates at a manifold to which is connected a plurality of heat exchange coils of helical shape from which heat is transferred to a fluid circulated around the coils.

Abstract: A pulse combustion heater is described and includes a combustion chamber and at least one exhaust pipe forming a resonant system with the chamber. In one aspect, the heater has a three part housing, upper and lower parts of which are concrete castings and define respectively an air cushion chamber and an exhaust chamber of the heater. A center section forms part of a boiler sub-assembly which isolates the exhaust chamber from the air cushion chamber. In another aspect, a unitary gas cushion chamber sub-assembly is described.