Abstract: An apparatus useful for the collection (and optionally measurement of) of an amount of a first fluid, including a vial comprising an opening and a septum covering the opening. The septum is pierced by a needle configured for coupling to a source suspected of outputting the fluid. The vial further comprises a second fluid capable of combining with (e.g., dissolving) the first fluid (e.g., gas) introduced into the vial via the needle, e.g., to form a solution. The apparatus further includes an incubator capable of chilling the vial and its contents to between 10° C. and ?5° C. when the vial is positioned within the incubator such that the septum faces the ground or a bottom of the incubator. A liquid ion chromatography instrument can then be used to quantify the amount of moiety of the substance of the first fluid.

Abstract: An electrode configuration and system useful for performing electrolysis, including one or more pairs of non-planar electrodes each comprising a first electrode having a first base and a second electrode comprising a second base. A mount can be used to mount the first electrode and the second electrode in each of the pairs with a spacing between the first base and the second base, so that an electric current may flow through a fluid between the first base and the second base to drive an electrochemical reaction of the fluid. A surface area of the bases (the base of the first electrode and the base of the second electrode) exposed to the fluid are dimensioned to support a current density of the electric current of at least 10 A/cm2 or in a range of 10 A/cm2 and 14 A/cm2. An electrolysis system including the electrodes can be used for the electrolysis of seawater to produce hydrogen at higher rates and with reduced chlorine evolution.

Abstract: When new software is received by air in the form of successive blocks by a video receiver having a specialized digital video processing module (19), connected by a first bus (28) to a specialized video memory (29), and a microprocessor (15) connected by a second bus (27) to a rewritable program memory (26), the microprocessor verifies the blocks of this new software one by one and stores them in the video memory (29) of the specialized video processing module until the new software is complete. Not until that moment will the new software be transferred to the program memory (26).