Abstract: A thermometry apparatus includes a distal probe tip having a hollow interior. An insulating support is at least partially disposed within the interior of the distal probe tip. The insulating support is configured to receive at least one of at least one heating element and at least one temperature sensing element. According to one version, the insulating support is a flexible circuit strip configured to receive the at least one heating element(s) to protect the leads from damage and premature breakage.

Abstract: A medical device, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring apparatus, provides galvanic isolation between low voltage electronics and a plurality of externally exposed ECG (patient contact) lead wires and electrodes. The ECG lead wires and/or electrodes can potentially make unwanted contact with sources of high voltage, such as from defibrillation pulses generated by defibrillation devices. The defibrillation pulses can cause damage to the low voltage electronics within the ECG monitoring apparatus. Electrical resistance is provided outside of the ECG lead wires and electrodes and separate from the low voltage electronics to protect against misdirection of a defibrillation pulse towards the low voltage electronics, and to protect against misdirection of a defibrillation pulse away from the patient for which the benefit of the defibrillation pulse is intended.