Abstract: An athletic shoe having a sole bottom which is contoured in the region of first foot strike along the lateral border to provide an arcuate landing surface which curves upwardly toward the lateral side edge of the sole and away from the ground surface and which is radiused about an axis coinciding with an effective, average subtalar axis. The sole may additionally be contoured along the rear heel portion in the region of first foot strike for straight heel strikers to provide another arcuate landing surface which curves upwardly toward the rear edge of the sole and which is radiused about a transverse axis coinciding with an average ankle axis. The sole bottom is formed with separate sets of gripping ribs which are oriented in such a manner that traction is enhanced for a range of toe out angles in the toe off range, is maximized for an average toe out angle along the lateral border and is maximized for a zero toe out angle in the rear heel region.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for extracting energy from waves on a liquid, the device having a chamber with an opening for the flow of liquid into and out of the chamber to provide a quantity of the liquid which is arranged to oscillate in the chamber to provide energy from these oscillations. In order to maximize the energy absorption efficiency of the device, that portion of the device to be submerged and lie in a vertical plane aligned in the direction of propagation of the waves is of asymmetric shape, and the device is arranged to be held in a manner to inhibit movement of the device itself in response to the waves.

Abstract: A device for extracting energy from wave energy and comprising a plurality of chambers adapted for pressurizing and discharging a working gas, means for collecting the pressurized working gas, and a mechanical device such as an air turbine to which the collected pressurized working gas is conducted to extract energy therefrom and drive a device such as an electric generator.The pressurized working gas may be collected in a duct which connects the chambers in parallel relationship and is provided with means for applying a smoothing pressure to smooth out pressure fluctuations of the pressurized working gas. Alternatively, the chambers may be connected together in series relationship so that the pressurized working gas from one chamber is collected by an adjacent chamber as it progresses along the series to the mechanical device.

Abstract: A liquid fuel vaporizing device for an internal combustion engine wherein a heat pipe containing a heat transfer fluid having a boiling point up to 400.degree. C is disposed so that the heat transfer fluid transfers heat from a heat-receiving zone to a heat-discharging zone. The liquid fuel is vaporized in the heat receiving zone after being mixed with the main stream of air.

Abstract: A liquid fuel vaporizing device for an internal combustion engine wherein a heat pipe containing a heat transfer fluid having a boiling point up to 400.degree.C is disposed so that the heat transfer fluid transfers heat from a heat-receiving zone to a heat discharging zone which heat discharging zone is disposed to vaporize a mixture of said liquid fuel in the main portion or all of the combustion air.