Abstract: A point blank delta scope reticle, wherein all range and yardage solutions (horizontal x) may be removed and/or ignored and only the vertical Y component is utlized. A vital zone of a target is viewed as a Y value and a ballistic curve can be calculated that will pass thru the determined Y value. The Y value becomes a constant in all calculations. The constant then yields one or more unique ratios that all ammunition follows since the vertical Y component is the constant. The aiming reticle includes a reticle and one or more subsequent or successive reference marks formed in an aligned fashion between the reticle and a last reference mark, wherein a relative distance between each adjacent pair of the subsequent or successive reference marks decreases as the subsequent or successive reference marks are formed from the reticle to the last of the subsequent or successive reference marks.

Abstract: A dual image offsetting apparatus for producing a first offset image pathway and a discrete, second offset image pathway and presenting the offset image pathways to a user or an optic, including at least some of a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, a third reflective surface, and a fourth reflective surface, wherein the reflective surfaces are attached or coupled so as to provide the first offset image pathway and the second offset image pathway offset from a direct image pathway between a target object and the user or the optic.

Abstract: A barrel having a monolithic body, formed of an elongate structure extending from a breach end to a muzzle end; a projectile bore extending from a projectile chamber to the muzzle end; and a sleeve material positioned around at least a portion of the barrel to encompass at least a portion of the barrel, wherein the sleeve material includes filler particles embedded or dispersed within the sleeve material.

Abstract: An image offsetting apparatus for producing an offset image pathway and presenting the offset image pathway to a user or an optic, including at least some of a prism element comprising a first reflective surface/refracting face and a second reflective surface/refracting face, wherein the prism element is attached or coupled so as to provide the offset image pathway offset from a direct image pathway between a target object and the user or the optic.

Abstract: A variable range compensating device, including at least some of a housing having an optical cavity defined at least partially within the housing, wherein the optical cavity extends from an incoming image aperture to an outgoing image aperture; and two or more reflective optical elements, wherein each reflective optical element is adjustably positioned within at least a portion of the optical cavity, and wherein adjustment of at least one of the reflective optical elements adjusts the reflective optical elements such that a target image entering the incoming image aperture is reflected by the reflective optical elements, so as to exit the outgoing image aperture at a determined offset.

Abstract: A barrel having a monolithic body, formed of an elongate structure extending from a breach end to a muzzle end; a projectile bore extending from a projectile chamber to the muzzle end; and a sleeve material positioned around at least a portion of the barrel to encompass at least a portion of the barrel, wherein the sleeve material includes filler particles embedded or dispersed within the sleeve material.

Abstract: A variable range compensating device, including at least some of a housing having an optical cavity defined at least partially within the housing, wherein the optical cavity extends from an incoming image aperture to an outgoing image aperture; and two or more reflective optical elements, wherein each reflective optical element is adjustably positioned within at least a portion of the optical cavity, and wherein adjustment of at least one of the reflective optical elements adjusts the reflective optical elements such that a target image entering the incoming image aperture is reflected by the reflective optical elements, so as to exit the outgoing image aperture at a determined offset.

Abstract: An image offsetting apparatus for producing an offset image pathway and presenting the offset image pathway to a user or an optic, including at least some of a prism element comprising a first reflective surface/refracting face and a second reflective surface/refracting face, wherein the prism element is attached or coupled so as to provide the offset image pathway offset from a direct image pathway between a target object and the user or the optic.

Abstract: A barrel having a monolithic body comprising an elongate structure extending from a breach end to a muzzle end; a projectile bore extending from a projectile chamber to the muzzle end; one or more elongate recesses formed in the body, wherein each elongate recess is defined by an elongate hole extending from an open end formed proximate the muzzle end; a sleeve positioned around at least a portion of the barrel to encompass at least a portion of the barrel; and a radial ring, positioned between the barrel and the sleeve.

Abstract: A variable range visual targeting adjustment apparatus, including at least some of a housing having an optical cavity defined at least partially within the housing, wherein the optical cavity extends from an incoming image aperture to an outgoing image aperture; and two or more reflective surfaces, wherein each reflective surface is adjustably positioned within at least a portion of the optical cavity, and wherein adjustment of at least one of the reflective surfaces adjusts the reflective surfaces such that a target image entering the incoming image aperture is reflected by the reflective surfaces, so as to exit the outgoing image aperture at a determined offset.

Abstract: An image offsetting apparatus for producing an offset image pathway and presenting the offset image pathway to an optic, including at least some of a mirror assembly wherein the mirror assembly comprises a first component mirror and a second component mirror, wherein the mirror assembly is attached or coupled so as to provide the offset image pathway that is offset from a direct image pathway between a target object and the optic.

Abstract: A barrel having a monolithic body comprising an elongate structure extending from a breach end to a muzzle end; a projectile bore extending from a projectile chamber to the muzzle end; one or more elongate recesses formed in the body, wherein each elongate recess is defined by an elongate hole extending from an open end formed proximate the muzzle end; a sleeve positioned around at least a portion of the barrel to encompass at least a portion of the barrel; and a radial ring, positioned between the barrel and the sleeve.

Abstract: An image offsetting apparatus for producing an offset image pathway and presenting the offset image pathway to an optic, including at least some of a mirror assembly wherein the mirror assembly comprises a first component mirror and a second component mirror, wherein the mirror assembly is attached or coupled so as to provide the offset image pathway that is offset from a direct image pathway between a target object and the optic.

Abstract: A variable range visual targeting adjustment apparatus, including at least some of a housing having an optical cavity defined at least partially within the housing, wherein the optical cavity extends from an incoming image aperture to an outgoing image aperture; and two or more reflective surfaces, wherein each reflective surface is adjustably positioned within at least a portion of the optical cavity, and wherein adjustment of at least one of the reflective surfaces adjusts the reflective surfaces such that a target image entering the incoming image aperture is reflected by the reflective surfaces, so as to exit the outgoing image aperture at a determined offset.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical wedge or prism assembly, including identifying a first prism wedge and a second prism wedge, wherein the first prism wedge includes at least one wedge surface and wherein the second prism wedge includes a wedge surface; indexing the first prism wedge and the second prism wedge such that wedge surfaces of the first prism wedge and the second prism wedge are adjacent to one another; applying an adhesive to adjacent wedge surfaces of the aligned prism wedges; manipulating at least one of the prism wedges relative to the other prism wedge to obtain a desired angle between the outer surfaces of the prism wedges; and allowing the adhesive to cure.

Abstract: A visual targeting variable range adjusting apparatus, including at least some of a housing having an optical cavity defined at least partially within the housing, wherein the optical cavity extends from an incoming image aperture to an outgoing image aperture; two or more rotationally adjustable lens holders, wherein each rotatably adjustable lens holder is rotatably positioned within at least a portion of the optical cavity, wherein at least a portion of each of the rotationally adjustable lens holder comprises a reflective surface, and wherein adjustment of at least one of the rotationally adjustable lens holders adjusts the reflective surfaces such that a target image entering the incoming image aperture is reflected by the reflective surfaces, so as to exit the outgoing image aperture at a determined offset.

Abstract: A visual targeting variable range adjusting apparatus, including at least some of a housing having an optical cavity defined at least partially within the housing, wherein the optical cavity extends from an incoming image aperture to an outgoing image aperture; two or more rotationally adjustable lens holders, wherein each rotatably adjustable lens holder is rotatably positioned within at least a portion of the optical cavity, wherein at least a portion of each of the rotationally adjustable lens holder comprises a reflective surface, and wherein adjustment of at least one of the rotationally adjustable lens holders adjusts the reflective surfaces such that a target image entering the incoming image aperture is reflected by the reflective surfaces, so as to exit the outgoing image aperture at a determined offset.

Abstract: Method for generating a model of the effect of phase noise during use of a Doppler radar system including calculating, using a processor, an initial signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) representing a ratio of power received from echoes from a target by the radar system to power resulting from clutter reflection received by the radar system. The initially calculated SCR is modified as a function of a range ambiguity and range resolution. A Doppler frequency of interest is calculated based on velocity of a target, target heading and radar frequency, along with a Doppler filter bandwidth, frequency components and a measure of clutter signal passing through the Doppler filter of interest by summing products of the phase noise for each frequency by the Doppler filter bandwidth. This measure indicates effectiveness of target detection by the Doppler radar system as a function of distance.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved variety of ramie which is more freeze and frost-resistant than previous varieties as well as having improved physical characteristics. The improved species of ramie matures faster on average, has a higher tensile strength, and most significnatly, has a finer average denier than prior art ramie.

Abstract: A processing system and methods are provided which allow useful byproducts to be extracted and organic and or plant materials reduced to a food grade or other useful product.