Abstract: A system and a method are provided for producing electricity and/or chemicals. The system includes a gasifier, a controller, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power unit, and a chemical synthesis unit. The gasifier converts a fossil fuel, oxygen, and water into a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The controller is used to control distribution of the hydrogen into a first portion and a second portion. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power unit receives the first portion of hydrogen and compressed air or oxygen, and generates electricity using the first portion of hydrogen. The chemical synthesis unit receives the second portion of hydrogen. The second portion of hydrogen is used for chemical synthesis.

Abstract: A system and a method are provided for producing electricity and/or chemicals. The system includes a gasifier, a controller, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power unit, and a chemical synthesis unit. The gasifier converts a fossil fuel, oxygen, and water into a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The controller is used to control distribution of the hydrogen into a first portion and a second portion. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power unit receives the first portion of hydrogen and compressed air or oxygen, and generates electricity using the first portion of hydrogen. The chemical synthesis unit receives the second portion of hydrogen. The second portion of hydrogen is used for chemical synthesis.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes: 1) an anode; 2) a cathode; and 3) an ion conducting membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode includes a tungsten oxide-containing layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides high-throughput systems and methods for the fabrication and evaluation of electrode and electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells. The present invention includes systems and methods for synthesizing and optimizing the performance of electrodes and electrode-electrolyte combinations and utilizes small-scale techniques to perform such optimization based on chemical composition and variable processing. Advantageously, rapid device performance systems and methods coupled with structural and surface systems and methods allow for an increased discovery rate of new materials for solid oxide fuel cells.

Abstract: A diffusion barrier coating includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a composition selected from the group consisting of a solid-solution alloy comprising rhenium and ruthenium wherein the ruthenium comprises about 50 atom % or less of the composition and where a total amount of rhenium and ruthenium is greater than 70 atom %; an intermetallic compound including at least one of Ru(TaAl) and Ru2TaAl, where Ru(TaAl) has a B2 structure and Ru2TaAl has a Heusler structure; and an oxide dispersed in a metallic matrix wherein greater than about 50 volume percent of the matrix comprises the oxide.

Abstract: A conformable air purification system and methods generally includes optically coupling an active coating comprising a photocatalyst material with a flexible organic light emitting device (OLED) and configuring the flexible media into a desired shape that defines the fluid passageways of then system. The organic light emitting device can be selected to emit light in the visible range when low band gap photocatalyst materials are employed.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is provided. The cell may include at least one anode; at least one cathode; and an electrolyte composition contacting the anode and the cathode. The electrolyte composition may include an alkali and a hydrophilic additive having one or more functional groups effective for bonding with water.

Abstract: A galvanic cell utilizing a gas scrubber is provided. The galvanic cell may include a galvanic cell unit and a gas scrubber comprising an active material layer, a resistance coil in contact with the active material layer, a first shutter positioned between the active material layer and ambient air, a second shutter may be positioned between the galvanic cell unit and the active material layer.

Abstract: An electrode for use in a fuel cell or a battery is provided. The electrode may include a porous main body that may include a metal hydride defining a pore volume effective for preventing water starvation in the fuel cell or battery. An associated method for making and/or using is provided.

Abstract: A composition that includes a storage material is provided. The storage material includes at least one of AlLi, Al2Li3, Al4Li9, Al3Mg2, Al12Mg17, AlB12, Al4C3, AlTi2C, AlTi3C, AlZrC2, Al3Zr5C, Al3Zr2C4, Al3Zr2C7, AlB2, AlB12, AlSi, B6Ca, B6K, B12Li, B6Li, B4Li, B3Li, B2Li, BLi, B6Li7, BLi3, Ca2Si, CaSi, CaSi2, Ge4K, GeK, GeK3, GeLi3, Ge5Li22, Mg2Ge, Ge4Na, GeNa, GeNa3, KSi, KC4, K4Si23, K4C3, LiC, Li4C3, LiC6, Li22Si5, Li13Si4, Li7Si3, Li12Si7, MgB2, MgB4, MgB7, MgC2, Mg2C3, Mg2Si, NaB6, NaB15, NaB16, Na4C3, NaC4, NaSi, NaSi2, or Na4Si23. An article including the storage material, and a system including the article are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a pigments form of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid N,N?-bis-methylimide having a transparent clean yellowish shade, comprises comminution of a mixture comprising perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid N,N?-bis-methylimide produced by methylation of perylenetetracarboxylic imide with an alkylating agent and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid N,N?-bis-methylimide produced by the condensation of perylenetetracarboxylic anhydride with methylamine, in the presence of dimerized rosin. The pigments obtainable are notable for their outstanding coloristic and rheological properties and are suitable for use in a variety of applications.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and material for storing and retrieving hydrogen are presented. The apparatus comprises a storage component, and this component comprises a hydrogen storage medium. The hydrogen storage medium comprises gallium. The method for storing and retrieving hydrogen comprises providing a source of hydrogen; providing a storage component, the component comprising a hydrogen storage medium, wherein the hydrogen storage medium comprises gallium; and exposing the medium to hydrogen from the source. The material comprises at least about 10 atom percent gallium, with the balance comprising at least one of aluminum and boron. The material is a metallic alloy.

Abstract: A method for identification and evaluation of the hydrogen storage capacity of materials is presented, the method comprising providing a plurality of materials, wherein the plurality of materials comprise an array of synthesized hydrides and analyzing hydrogen content in the plurality of materials.

Abstract: A method for ring-halogenating an aromatic compound comprises contacting the aromatic compound with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a catalyst composition, where the catalyst composition comprises at least one salt comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Group 13 metal; and a counterion derived from an acid having a pKa relative to water of 0 or greater; and at least one organic sulfur compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hydrogen storage composition comprising a catalyst composition disposed upon a storage composition; wherein the catalyst composition comprises an alloy of calcium, barium, platinum, palladium, nickel, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, silicon, germanium, rhodium, rhodium, ruthenium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, yttrium, barium, lanthanum, hafnium, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing metals.

Abstract: A gas sensor device including a semiconductor substrate; one or more catalytic gate-electrodes deposited on a surface of the semiconductor substrate; one or more ohmic contacts deposited on the surface of the semiconductor substrate and a passivation layer deposited on at least a portion of the surface; wherein the semiconductor substrate includes a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, diamond, Group III nitrides, alloys of Group III nitrides, zinc oxide, and any combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for the storage of hydrogen comprising contacting a hydrogen storage composition with a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen; and irradiating the hydrogen storage composition with radio frequency radiation or microwave radiation in an amount effective to facilitate the absorption, adsorption and/or chemisorption of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making and screening a combinatorial library, comprising disposing on a substrate comprising aluminum at least one reactant comprising lithium, germanium, magnesium, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; heat treating the substrate to create a diffusion multiple having at least one phase; contacting the diffusion multiple with hydrogen; detecting any absorption of hydrogen; and/or detecting any desorption of hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making and screening a combinatorial library comprising disposing in a substrate comprising graphite or boron carbide at least one reactant, wherein the reactants are lithium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing reactants; heat treating the substrate to create a diffusion multiple; contacting the diffusion multiple with hydrogen having at least two phases; detecting any absorption of hydrogen; and/or detecting any desorption of hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making and screening a combinatorial library comprising disposing in a substrate comprising boron, boron nitride, or boron carbide at least one reactant, wherein the reactants are lithium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing reactants; heat treating the substrate to create a diffusion multiple having at least two phases; contacting the diffusion multiple with hydrogen; detecting any absorption of hydrogen; and/or detecting any desorption of hydrogen.