Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful for separating solids and high molecular weight species from liquids of bioprocessed biomass material slurries.

Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful for separating solids and high molecular weight species from liquids of bioprocessed biomass material slurries.

Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful for separating solids from liquids of saccharified biomass material slurries.

Abstract: An efficient method for the continuous production of a dairy-based confection prevents protein burning and precipitation during processing. The method comprises heating an aqueous sugar composition to at least its boiling point in a first heat exchanger, admixing a dairy component with the boiling, aqueous sugar composition after it exits the first heat exchanger to form a dairy-based mass, and cooking the dairy-based mass to a desired final temperature in a second heat exchanger, without substantial separation or precipitation of the protein within the second heat exchanger. The first and second heat exchangers are preferably plate and frame heat exchangers. The solids content of the dairy-based mass is preferably increased prior to entering the second heat exchanger and again after leaving the second heat exchanger. The solids content of the cooked, dairy-based mass is increased to at least about 88% by weight, preferably at least about 90% by weight.

Abstract: An efficient method for the continuous production of a dairy-based confection prevents protein burning and precipitation during processing. The method comprises heating an aqueous sugar composition to at least its boiling point in a first heat exchanger, admixing a dairy component with the boiling, aqueous sugar composition after it exits the first heat exchanger to form a dairy-based mass, and cooking the dairy-based mass to a desired final temperature in a second heat exchanger, without substantial separation or precipitation of the protein within the second heat exchanger. The first and second heat exchangers are preferably plate and frame heat exchangers. The solids content of the dairy-based mass is preferably increased prior to entering the second heat exchanger and again after leaving the second heat exchanger. The solids content of the cooked, dairy-based mass is increased to at least about 88% by weight, preferably at least about 90% by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed are chewing gum compositions exhibiting a reduced tendency to adhere undesirably to solid dental surfaces in the mouth, the compositions comprising a gum base which comprises about 8 to about 18 wt. % of low molecular polyisobutylene; about 1 to about 4 wt. % of high molecular weight polyisobutylene; about 16 to about 30 wt. % of polyvinyl acetate; about 16 to about 30 wt. % of inorganic filler; about 1 to about 6 wt. % of polyethylene; about 18 to about 30 wt. % of a fat component selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and mixtures thereof; about 1 to about 6 wt. % of emulsifier; and about 2 to about 10 wt. % of microcrystalline wax.

Abstract: For use in a process control current loop including an external electrical power source that is series connected to the transmitter which is in turn connected to a fixed resistance receiver (that may be in the form of a system controller, a computer, a digital readout device, or the like) that in turn is series connected to the electrical power source, with the transmitter being arranged to provide an analog display of differential pressure or pressure sensed by the instrument and also provide for transmission to the receiver of a signal in the 4-20 milliamp range that is proportional to any changes in the differential pressure or pressure sensed by the instrument.