Abstract: A voltage reversal tolerant fuel cell anode structure that includes a gas diffusion layer is prepared by a method that comprises: (a) applying to the gas diffusion layer a first carbon component comprising a sacrificial carbon component having substantially no resistance to corrosion during cell reversal at fuel cell operating temperatures, and (b) applying to the gas diffusion layer a second carbon component. The first carbon material has a BET surface area of at least 350 m2g?1. The second carbon component supports an electrocatalyst material and has substantially more resistance to corrosion during cell reversal at fuel cell operating temperatures than the first carbon component.

Abstract: In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in the fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel (for example, fuel starvation). In order to pass current during fuel starvation, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by promoting water electrolysis over anode component oxidation at the anode. This can be accomplished by incorporating a catalyst composition at the anode to promote the water electrolysis reaction, in addition to the typical anode electrocatalyst for promoting fuel oxidation.

Abstract: An improved fuel cell anode structure comprises a substrate and a first carbon-based component. The first carbon-based component exhibits little or no resistance to corrosion. When said anode structure is incorporated into a membrane electrode assembly, the membrane electrode assembly is tolerant to incidences of cell voltage reversal.

Abstract: An improved fuel cell anode structure comprises a substrate and a first carbon-based component. The first carbon-based component exhibits little or no resistance to corrosion. When said anode structure is incorporated into a membrane electrode assembly, the membrane electrode assembly is tolerant to incidences of cell voltage reversal.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode comprising a non-woven network of fibers, one or more catalysts components and at least one polymeric substance characterised in that the catalyst is embedded within the fiber network is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for conducting a chemical reaction with a catalyst composed of metal oxide particles among which are uniformly incorporated, in order to reduce the operating temperature of the catalyst, palladium particles.

Abstract: An electrode suitable for use in fuel cells, for example in solid polymer fuel cells, comprises a non-uniform electrode layer and has improved electrochemical performance.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode comprising a non-woven network of fibres, one or more catalysts components and at least one polymeric substance characterized in that the catalyst is embedded within the fibre network is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved ink material, particularly for use in printing processes and its use in improved manufacturing processes for higher performance electrodes for application in fuel cells and other electrochemical devices is disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode suitable for use in fuel cells, for example in solid polymer fuel cells, comprises a non-uniform electrode layer and has improved electrochemical performance.

Abstract: An air- or oxygen-breathing electrode suitable for use as a cathode in electrochemical cells, for example in low temperature ozone generation cells, comprises an insulating layer and has an improved electrochemical performance.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising catalytic material on a support, the catalytic material comprising platinum, and the support consisting essentially of at least one of zirconia, tin oxide and titania, which catalyst contains less than 400 ppm of chlorine atoms based on the weight of catalytic material plus support, is useful for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in a flue gas containing them, oxygen and 5-3000 ppm by volume of sulphur dioxide by admixing ammonia with the flue gas and passing the mixture over the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composed of metal oxide particles among which are uniformly incorporated, in order to reduce the operating temperature of the catalyst, palladium particles.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed having a physiological cooling action on the skin. The compositions contain, as the active ingredient, alkyl-substituted cyclohexanamides.

Abstract: Alkyl-substituted methanols are disclosed having the property of stimulating the cold receptors of the nervous system of the human body to produce a cold sensation and are used for this purpose in a variety of edible and topical preparations.