Abstract: Formation of hydrous alumina in the reticules of a weak-base anion exchange resin, wherein AlCl.sub.3 has been precipitated as hydrous alumina by reaction with ammonia, is improved by employing a subsequent treatment with HCl or with NH.sub.4 Cl and HCl to convert the exchange resin to the chloride form, thereby increasing the reticular volume of the resin, thus permitting subsequent precipitation of additional hydrous alumina therein.

Abstract: Preparation and use of novel cation exchange composites are described, said composites comprising polymers having sulfonic acid functional groups which have ionically attached thereto, in the resin phase, amorphous polymer hydrous zirconium oxide groups. These compositions are useful, e.g., for removing sulfate values from NaCl brine.

Abstract: Macroporous cation exchange resins with sulfonic acid functional groups having polymeric zirconium hydrous oxide contained therein are useful in substantially removing SO.sub.4.sup.= ions from metal salt solutions.

Abstract: Macroporous cation exchange resins with sulfonic acid functional groups having polymeric hydrous zirconium oxide and polyacrylic acid contained therein are useful in substantially removing sulfate, borate, bicarbonate and/or phosphate ions from alkali metal salt solutions.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal ions, e.g., Mg.sup.++ and/or Ca.sup.++, are removed from alkali metal brines, e.g., NaCl, by use of a particulate, macroporous, anion exchange resin containing the in-situ reaction product of polymeric, amorphous, hydrous zirconium oxide and a source of PO.sub.4 ions, e.g., H.sub.3 PO.sub.4.

Abstract: Preparations and uses are shown for novel crystalline aluminates which conform generally to the empirical formulaMgA.sub.a.sup.v Z.sub.b.sup.v.nAl(OH).sub.3.mH.sub.2 OwhereinA and Z represent negative-valence ions or radicals selected from the group comprising hydroxyl, halide, inorganic acid, and organic acid,n is a value of from about 1 to about 2,v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3,a and b each have values of from zero to 2, with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, and withm being a value of zero or more.

Abstract: Crystalline transition metal aluminates conforming generally to the formulaMA.sub.a.sup.v Z.sub.b.sup.v.nAl(OH).sub.3.mH.sub.2 Owhere M is a transition metal having a valence charge of +2 selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, where AZ represents negative valence ions or radicals, v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3, n is a value to provide a mol ratio of Al/M of at least 1/1, preferably at least 1.5/1, and m is an integer of from zero to the maximum for waters of hydration, with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, are prepared in alkaline aqueous medium wherein transition metal compounds are caused to form adducts with amorphous hydrous alumina, Al(OH).sub.3, said adducts forming crystals when heated, said aluminates being useful, e.g., as ion exchangers and as spinel precursors among other things.

Abstract: Preparations and uses are shown for novel crystalline aluminates which conform generally to the empirical formulaMgA.sub.a.sup.v Z.sub.b.sup.v.nAl(OH).sub.3.mH.sub.2 Owhere A and Z represent negative-valence ions or radicals selected from the group comprising hydroxyl, halide, inorganic acid, and organic acid,n is a value of from about 1 to about 2,v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3,a and b each have values of from zero to 2,with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, andwith m being a value of zero or more.

Abstract: Formation of hydrous alumina in the reticules of a weak-base anion exchange resin, wherein AlCl.sub.3 has been precipitated as hydrous alumina by reaction with ammonia, is improved by employing a subsequent treatment with HCl or with NH.sub.4 Cl and HCl to convert the exchange resin to the chloride form, thereby increasing the reticular volume of the resin, thus permitting subsequent precipitation of additional hydrous alumina therein.

Abstract: A resin/aluminate composite which has been substantially loaded with Li.sup.+ values by being contacted with a contaminated, Li.sup.+ -containing aqueous solution, is pre-washed with a substantially pure, concentrated NaCl brine to remove the contaminants without removing the Li.sup.+ values, then is washed with water to leach out much, but not all, of the Li.sup.+ values. The resin/aluminate composite comprises a macroporous anion exchange resin having crystalline LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3 dispersed therein, where X is halide.

Abstract: Removal of Ca.sup.++ values from MgCl.sub.2 brine is accomplished by use of a crystalline zeolite structure of the empirical formula Na.sub.12 [(AlO.sub.2).sub.12 (SiO.sub.2).sub.12 ].nH.sub.2 O, where nH.sub.2 O represents waters of hydration.

Abstract: Porous substrates containing seeds of hydrous crystalline alumina are contacted with an aqueous solution of alkaline aluminate, thereby causing additional crystalline hydrous alumina to grow on the seeds within the pores of the substrate.

Abstract: Crystalline LiOH.2Al(OH.sub.3.nH.sub.2 O is reacted in aqueous solution with anions (A) having a valence of 1, 2, or 3 to form novel lithium aluminates conforming substantially to the empirical formula(LiA.sub.x).sub.y.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 Owhere n is the number of waters of hydration, y is the number of lithium atoms present for each 2Al atoms, A has a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3, and x is the reciprocal of the valence of A.

Abstract: An anion exchange resin, containing Al(OH).sub.3 suspended therein, is reacted with aq. LiOH to form microcrystalline LiOH.2Al(OH).sub.3 which is then reacted with a halogen acid or halide salt to form microcrystalline LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3. The resin, after having a portion of the LiX eluted by using an aqueous wash, is used to recover Li.sup.+ values from aqueous brines.

Abstract: Crystalline transition metal aluminates conforming generally to the formulaMA.sub.a.sup.v Z.sub.b.sup.v.nAl(OH).sub.3.mH.sub.2 Owhere M is a transition metal having a valence charge of +2 selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, where AZ represents negative valence ions or radicals, v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3, n is a value to provide a mol ratio of Al/M of at least 1/1, preferably at least 1.5/1, and m is an integer of from zero to the maximum for waters of hydration, with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, are prepared in alkaline aqueous medium wherein transition metal compounds are caused to form adducts with amorphous hydrous alumina, Al(OH).sub.3, said adducts forming crystals when heated, said aluminates being useful, e.g., as ion exchangers and as spinel precursors among other things.

Abstract: Preparations and uses are shown for novel crystalline aluminates which conform generally to the empirical formulaMgA.sub.a.sup.V Z.sub.b.sup.v .multidot.nAl(OH).sub.3 .multidot.mH.sub.2 OwhereA and Z represent negative-valence ions or radicals selected from the group comprising hydroxyl, halide, inorganic acid, and organic acid,n is a value of from about 1 to about 2,v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3,a and b each have values of from zero to 2, with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, and with m being a value of zero or more.

Abstract: A new type of electrochemical cell which can be used for generating electricity or in an electrolysis mode for producing gases such as hydrogen and oxygen comprises laterally spaced apart or side-by-side catalyst layers as electrodes with the gap between the catalyst layers being bridged by a solid electrolyte which provides an ion conductive path from one catalyst layer to the other. The catalyst layers and the electrolyte are preferably in the form of thin films or layers on the surface of an inert supporting substrate. A plurality of these cells may be disposed on the substrate and interconnected electrically forming a network of series and parallel connected cells. Means are provided to feed fuel and oxidant to the electrodes either as separate gases or mixed together if appropriate catalytic materials are selected.

Abstract: Magnesium values are selectively recovered from salt brines, even salt brines which contain competing ions such as Li.sup.+, Ca.sup.++, and Sr.sup.++, by contacting the brine with an anion exchange resin which has dispersed therein a microcrystalline structure of the formula MgX.sub.2.2Al(OH).sub.3, where X is a halide.

Abstract: Ion retardation resins particularly useful for desalting caustic solutions are prepared by employing ion exchange resins consisting essentially of a mixture of a reticular, insoluble, cross-linked styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer with an entrapped non-leachable polymer of acrylic acid contained therein and where the amount of carboxylic acid groups on the polyacrylic acid are in substantial excess over the amount needed to react with all the quaternary ammonium groups which are nuclear substituted on the styrene copolymer chains.

Abstract: An anion exchange resin, containing Al(OH).sub.3 suspended therein, is reacted with aq. LiOH to form microcrystalline LiOH.2Al(OH).sub.3 which is then reacted with a halogen acid or halide salt to form microcrystalline LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3. The resin, after having a portion of the LiX eluted by using an aqueous wash, is used to recover Li.sup.+ values from aqueous brines.