Abstract: Heat transfer apparatus comprising, in combination inner and outer bodies defining a space therebetween which extends at least part way about an axis, at least one of the bodies being heat conductive, a heat conductive woven mesh extending in the space at least part way about the axis, and in heat transfer relation with at least one of the bodies, fluid in the space in heat transfer contact with the mesh, and solar cells carried by the outer body.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling of an electrical element package, comprising in combination structure including a hollow body, defining a cavity containing cooling fluid, the structure defining an opening or passage whereby direct contact of the cooling fluid with the package is established for heat transfer from the package to the fluid contained in the cavity; a mesh located to enhance the heat transfer, and means for circulating the fluid to transfer heat to other heat transfer means acting to remove heat from the fluid.

Abstract: The method of communicating with circuitry that includes providing a woven mesh having elongated conductive elements extending in array forming directions relative to the circuitry, establishing communication sites associated with the mesh elements, located in spaced apart relation, and operating the sites via the mesh to communicate optically with the circuitry, having detection capability.

Abstract: An LED display assembly, comprising a grid of electrical conductors; light emitting diodes in association with the grid and in electrical communication with the conductors that provide power for LED operation, the grid operable to receive heat from the diodes during diode operation, and the array configured for passing coolant fluid for transfer of heat to the fluid. LED packages adjustable relative to a mounting grid, are also provided.

Abstract: LED strip lamp comprising a light emitting diode and extruded electrodes characterized in that a shaped electrode of that LED is fixed directly to a diode connecting part on a current supplying conductor, by die bonding or other fixing means, an insulating painted layer on the current supplying conductor being locally absent, exposing a core wire, wherein the current supplying conductor comprises a metal wire rod having said insulating painted layer thereon.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling of an electrical element package, comprising in combination structure including a hollow body, defining a cavity containing cooling fluid, the structure defining an opening or passage whereby direct contact of the cooling fluid with the package is established for heat transfer from the package to the fluid contained in the cavity; a mesh located to enhance the heat transfer, and means for circulating the fluid to transfer heat to other heat transfer means acting to remove heat from the fluid.

Abstract: An LED display assembly, comprising a grid of electrical conductors; light emitting diodes in association with the grid and in electrical communication with the conductors that provide power for LED operation, the grid operable to receive heat from the diodes during diode operation, and the array configured for passing coolant fluid for transfer of heat to the fluid. LED packages adjustable relative to a mounting grid, are also provided.

Abstract: An LED display assembly, comprising a grid of electrical conductors; light emitting diodes in association with the grid and in electrical communication with the conductors that provide power for LED operation, the grid operable to receive heat from the diodes during diode operation, and the array configured for passing coolant fluid for transfer of heat to the fluid. LED packages adjustable relative to a mounting grid, are also provided.

Abstract: An LED display assembly, comprising a grid of electrical conductors; light emitting diodes in association with the grid and in electrical communication with the conductors that provide power for LED operation, the grid operable to receive heat from the diodes during diode operation, and the array configured for passing coolant fluid for transfer of heat to the fluid. LED packages adjustable relative to a mounting grid, are also provided.

Abstract: An illumination device comprises a waveguide having a peripheral edge. A series of point light sources are mounted in spaced relationship adjacent a peripheral portion of the waveguide. A series of diffusive reflective surfaces, preferably formed by posts, are disposed adjacent the peripheral portion of the waveguide, between pairs of the point light sources. The diffusive reflective surfaces are oriented relative to the series of point light sources and the waveguide so as to introduce light into regions of the waveguide between pairs of the point light sources, whereby the peripheral portion of the waveguide is substantially uniformly illuminated.

Abstract: This invention consists of a highly efficient beamforming system of ring-lens elements that may be used in automobile headlights, flashlights, and for other lighting products. The lens captures most of the light from an omnidirectional source, so that light from a solid angular cone of nearly 4 steradians is utilized with little or no reliance on a metallic reflector. The surfaces of the lens elements may be formed integrally with a hot light source, such as an incandescent lamp, so that the filament of the light source is inserted directly into an internal cavity of the lens. The lens may also be formed in optical contact with a cold light source, such as a light emitting diode, to reduce Fresnel losses and increase light utilization efficiency. An integrated system of optical surfaces collects light, including downwardly-directed light, from the source to further increase light utilization to a high efficiency of 75-90%.

Abstract: Radiant electromagnetic energy transmitting apparatus, comprising an elongated rod consisting of electromagnetic energy transmitting material, and a source of the energy having an end portion received into the rod to transmit the energy in different directions therein for effecting energy travel lengthwise of the rod.

Abstract: A radiant energy redirecting system comprising a radiant energy transmitting body structure; the structure comprising multiple elements, each of which acts as a radiant energy redirecting module, having on its cross-sectional perimeter an entry face to receive incidence of the energy into the interior of the perimeter, an exit face to pass the energy to the exterior of the perimeter in a direction towards the reverse side of the body from the side of the incidence, and a Totally Internally Reflecting face angled relative to the entry and exit faces to redirect towards the exit face the radiant energy incident from the entry face; the body structure generally redirecting incident radiant energy towards a predetermined target zone situated apart from and on the reverse side of the body relative to the side of the incidence; and lens structure associated with at least one of the faces for redirecting radiant energy passing between the entry and exit faces via the Totally Internally Reflecting face.

Abstract: Tub apparatus comprising a foamed, resiliently compressible, plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid, and ports extending through the side wall; a plastic pack having a cavity formed therein; a pump unit received in the cavity and protectively enclosed by the plastic pack; and tubular duct structure connected with the pump unit and extending from the cavity to the ports for circulating liquid between the tub interior and the pump unit.

Abstract: A quiet fluid passing apparatus comprising a fluid passing rotor comprising open porous structure extending along an annular path, the rotor forming passage means to pass fluid through the rotor open porous structure as the rotor rotates; said path having an inner circumference with diameter ID and an outer circumference with diameter OD, and wherein ##EQU1## The quiet, fluid-passing apparatus may include open porous structure in combination with structures, such as blades and honeycomb material, to form rotors capable of moving fluid in axial or radial directions.

Abstract: Tub apparatus comprising a foamed, resiliently compressible, plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid, and ports extending through the side wall; a plastic pack having a cavity formed therein; a pump unit received in the cavity and protectively enclosed by the plastic pack; and tubular duct structure connected with the pump unit and extending from the cavity to the ports for circulating liquid between the tub interior and the pump unit.

Abstract: A quiet fluid passing apparatus comprising a fluid passing rotor comprising open porous structure extending along an annular path, the rotor forming passage means to pass fluid through the rotor open porous structure as the rotor rotates; said path having an inner circumference with diameter ID and an outer circumference with diameter OD, and wherein ##EQU1## The quiet, fluid-passing apparatus may include open porous structure in combination with structures, such as blades and honeycomb material, to form rotors capable of moving fluid in axial or radial directions.

Abstract: Tub apparatus includes a foamed resiliently compressible plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; a tensile liner adjacent the wall side, the liner and characterized in that it resists outward expansion in response to loading exerted by liquid filled into the tub interior; and including ports extending through the side wall and liner for circulating liquid between the interior of the tub and the exterior thereof. The plastic wall is typically locally heat cored in situ and provided with elbow fittings having venturis for efficient water, and water and air flow.

Abstract: Tub apparatus includes a foamed resiliently compressible plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; a tensile liner adjacent the wall side, the liner and characterized in that it resists outward expansion in response to loading exerted by liquid filled into the tub interior; and including ports extending through the side wall and liner for circulating liquid between the interior of the tub and the exterior thereof. The plastic wall is typically locally heat cored in situ and provided with elbow fittings having venturis for efficient water, and water and air flow.

Abstract: Tub apparatus includes a foamed resiliently compressible plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; a tensile liner adjacent the wall side, the liner and characterized in that it resists outward expansion in response to loading exerted by liquid filled into the tub interior; and including ports extending through the side wall and liner for circulating liquid between the interior of the tub and the exterior thereof. The plastic wall is typically locally heat cored in situ and provided with elbow fittings having venturis for efficient water, and water and air flow.