Abstract: A gas generating apparatus and method is described which utilizes a novel catalytic halogen evolving electrode for electrochemical systems, such as an electrolysis cell for the generation of chlorine. The electrochemical cells include a catalytic cathode and an improved catalytic anode positioned on opposite sides of, and bonded to, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A source of direct current potential between the cathode and the anode and means for removing gas from at least one of the electrodes are provided. The improved catalytic anode is an alloy of ruthenium oxide and manganese oxide.

Abstract: A gas generating apparatus and method is described which utilizes a novel catalytic halogen evolving electrode for electrochemical systems, such as an electrolysis cell for the generation of chlorine. The electrochemical cells include a catalytic cathode and an improved catalytic anode positioned on opposite sides of, and bonded to, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A source of direct current potential between the cathode and the anode and means for removing gas from at least one of the electrodes are provided. The improved catalytic anode is an alloy of ruthenium oxide and manganese oxide.

Abstract: A method of making substantially oxide-free metal alloys is described. The alloys are made by a hot alkaline reduction of compounds of at least two metals, such as the halides of the metals dissolved in an aqueous medium containing a reducing agent. The dissolved metal compounds containing a first reducing agent are added to a second reducing agent, in a alkaline medium, and the substantially oxide-free, finely-divided alloy precipitates from solution. The alloy has a unique X-ray diffraction pattern indicating that it is a true alloy with no metal oxides present. In a preferred embodiment, ruthenium and platinum chlorides are dissolved in water containing a dissolved reducing agent. This solution is added to a second reducing agent in an alkaline medium at elevated temperatures, and a finely-divided black precipitate of a true alloy of ruthenium and platinum forms. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows a distorted ruthenium structure having platinum in solid solution.

Abstract: A gas generating apparatus and method is described which utilizes a novel catalytic oxygen evolving electrode for electrochemical systems, such as an electrolysis cell for the generation of oxygen. The electrochemical cells include a catalytic cathode and an improved catalytic anode positioned on opposite sides of, and bonded to, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A source of direct current potential between the cathode and the anode and means for removing gas from at least one of the electrodes are provided. The improved catalytic anode is an alloy of ruthenium oxide and manganese oxide.

Abstract: Noxious gases are electrochemically detected and measured in the presence of carbon monoxide using a device employing an electrochemical cell whose sensing electrode comprises a carbon supported gold catalyst and is maintained at a fixed potential of about 0.4 volt to about 1.5 volt with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode in said electrolyte of the electrochemical cell. In its preferred form the sensing electrode comprises carbon particles containing catalytic amounts of gold bonded to a hydrophobic material to provide a diffusion electrode.

Abstract: In the detection and measuring of NO, NO.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, a unit comprising in combination intake means, an electrochemical cell, means for drawing the gas through said intake means and into said electrochemical cell at a controlled flow rate, readout means for reading the quantity of gas detected, the electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode, a reference electrode at which substantially no current flows and an aqueous electrolyte in contact with said anode, cathode and reference electrode, means for exposing said anode to said gas, means for maintaining said anode at a fixed potential relative to the reference electrode in excess of 1.5 V up to about 1.9 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode in said electrolyte of said first electrochemical cell, the anode of said first electrochemical cell comprising a gold catalyst bonded to a hydrophobic material to provide a diffusion electrode.

Abstract: Noxious gases are electrochemically detected and measured in the presence of carbon monoxide using a device employing an electrochemical cell whose sensing electrode comprises a carbon supported gold catalyst and is maintained at a fixed potential of about 0.4 volt to about 1.5 volt with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode in said electrolyte of the electrochemical cell. In its preferred form the sensing electrode comprises carbon particles containing catalytic amounts of gold bonded to a hydrophobic material to provide a diffusion electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for the detection and measurement of nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) and nitric oxide (NO) in a gaseous medium.