Abstract: An adapter ring adapted for attachment to an existing vehicle steering system component having an outer profile. The adapter ring includes a sidewall defining an annular shape of the adapter ring. The sidewall includes an inner surface that is adapted to substantially complement the outer profile of the existing vehicle steering system component and an outer surface defining an effective circumference of the adapter ring. An expansion slot is located in the sidewall and is adapted to permit the effective circumference of the adapter ring to be increased when pressure is applied outwardly to the sidewall.

Abstract: Handcuffs include an outer frame and at least one bow pivotally coupled to the outer frame. The at least one bow includes an arcuate shape and a plurality of ratchet teeth. At least a first locking bar and a second locking bar are pivotally coupled within the outer frame and each include a plurality of ratchet teeth and offset shoulders. At least one spring is disposed within the outer frame and includes a first portion biasing the plurality of ratchet teeth of the first locking bar to interlock with the plurality of ratchet teeth of the at least one bow and a second portion biasing the plurality of ratchet teeth of the second locking bar to interlock with the plurality of ratchet teeth of the at least one bow when the at least one bow is brought into cooperation with the first locking bar and the second locking bar.

Abstract: Handcuffs include an outer frame and at least one bow pivotally coupled to the outer frame. The at least one bow includes an arcuate shape and a plurality of ratchet teeth. At least a first locking bar and a second locking bar are pivotally coupled within the outer frame and each include a plurality of ratchet teeth and offset shoulders. At least one spring is disposed within the outer frame and includes a first portion biasing the plurality of ratchet teeth of the first locking bar to interlock with the plurality of ratchet teeth of the at least one bow and a second portion biasing the plurality of ratchet teeth of the second locking bar to interlock with the plurality of ratchet teeth of the at least one bow when the at least one bow is brought into cooperation with the first locking bar and the second locking bar.

Abstract: An access device for providing access from a skin incision to a surgical site is described. The access device has a first section having a proximal end and a distal end defining a first path therethrough. The access device has a second section having a proximal end and a distal end defining a second path therethrough, the second section is movable relative to the first section, and the first and second sections cooperate to form a continuous path such that movement of the second section changes the length of the path.

Abstract: An access device for providing access from a skin incision to a surgical site is described. The access device has a first section having a proximal end and a distal end defining a first path therethrough. The access device has a second section having a proximal end and a distal end defining a second path therethrough, the second section is movable relative to the first section, and the first and second sections cooperate to form a continuous path such that movement of the second section changes the length of the path.

Abstract: An implant comprises a photocatalytic layer on at least one surface. In some embodiments, the photocatalytic layer is a semiconductor oxide that is doped. According to some embodiments, the implant comprises a wave guide. According to some embodiments the implant comprises a light port. According to some embodiments, the implant comprises a reflective material on a surface of the waveguide. According to some embodiments the implant comprises a composite material comprising a first material that has a transmissivity when exposed to a predetermined wavelength of light and a second material that has photocatalytic activity when exposed to the predetermined wavelength of light. According to some embodiments the implant comprises a light source adapted to irradiate the photocatalytic surface.

Abstract: Spinal fixation plates for maintaining adjacent vertebrae in and fixed position are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the plate includes opposed superior and inferior portions that are angled in a direction anterior to an anterior face of a mid-portion of the plate. The plate also includes a curvature formed therein about a longitudinal axis in a sagittal plane thereof. In use, when the plate is attached to adjacent vertebrae, the angle of the superior and inferior portions and the curvature in the plate are effective to position one or more thru-bores formed in the superior and inferior portions at the anterior rims of the adjacent vertebrae. In another embodiment, a spinal fixation plate is provided that is adapted to engage and mate to a fusion cage or other vertebral implant disposed between adjacent vertebra. The present invention also provides spinal fixation kits or assemblies, and methods for implanting the same.